{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T17:35:34Z","timestamp":1763746534851},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3867,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086136_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of nasal <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (SA) in the community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086136_abs2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086136_abs3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086136_abs4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred fifty students were screened for nasal SA carriage during the fall of 2000, 2001, and 2002.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086136_abs5\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Students were screened by nose swabs. A self-administered questionnaire collected information on demographics and medical history. Antibiotic testing and PFGE were performed on isolates. Risk factors were determined by logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086136_abs6\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 450 volunteers, 131 (29%) were SA carriers. Antibiotic resistance was high for azithromycin (26%) and low for ciprofloxacin (1%), tetracycline (5%), mupirocin (1%), and methicillin (2%). PFGE patterns were not associated with carriage. Age, male gender, white race, medical student, allergen injection therapy, chronic sinusitis, rheumatoid arthritis, hospitalization for 6 months or less, and use of antibiotics were associated with carrier status by univariate analysis. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression led to a best fitting model with older age (OR, 1.04; CI<jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>, 1.005-1.079), male gender (OR, 1.50; CI<jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>, 0.982-2.296), and chronic sinusitis (OR, 2.71; CI<jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>, 0.897-8.195) as risk factors. Antibiotic use (&lt; 4 weeks) (OR, 0.41; CI<jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>, 0.152-1.095) and allergen injection therapy (OR 0.41; CI<jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>, 0.133-1.238) were protective. Analyses of carriers revealed candidate factors for persistent carriage to be nasal SA colonization rate and male gender. Factors for azithromycin resistance were non-medical students and antibiotic use in the past 6 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086136_abs7\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Older male volunteers suffering from chronic sinusitis and not taking antibiotics were at higher risk for carrying SA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/502427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,14]],"date-time":"2006-04-14T17:30:18Z","timestamp":1145035818000},"page":"485-491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> Nasal Carriage in a Student Community Prevalence, Clonal Relationships, and Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Werner E.","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle 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