{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T19:47:41Z","timestamp":1761940061489,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3837,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700077237_abs1\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate a hepatitis C virus (HCV) outbreak in a hemodialysis unit and determine the source of transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700077237_abs2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have prospectively investigated the epidemiology of hemodialysis-related HCV infection in a single unit since 1989. In September 2000, acute hepatitis C (AH-C) was diagnosed in 5 patients by alanine aminotransferase elevation and HCV genotype lb viremia without antibody to HCV. We surveyed the epidemiologic situation and performed polymerase chain reaction sequence analysis of the HCV 5'-noncoding (5'NC) region in the patients for comparison with 9 patients with chronic HCV genotype 1b viremia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700077237_abs3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sequence analysis of the 5'NC region showed the consistency in the 5 independent clones from each AH-C patient and those from each chronic HCV viremia patient and no quasispecies over time in the clones of any of 14 analyzed patients. All AH-C patients had the same sequencing of the 6 variations in the region with the only other patient. A saline ampoule, used for heparin solution during hemodialysis, had a recap function. It was difficult to determine whether the ampoule was new or had already been used. The source-patient often underwent hemodialysis before the AH-C patients and most of their hemodialysis-related medicine was prepared during the source-patient's treatment. These findings suggested a high possibility that the AH-C patients shared a single heparin\u2013saline solution ampoule contaminated by HCV from the source-patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700077237_abs4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nosocomial HCV infection occurred as a result of poor infection control practice when a patient with chronic HCV viremia received treatment prior to other hemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/502443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,14]],"date-time":"2006-04-14T17:41:13Z","timestamp":1145036473000},"page":"584-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Confirmation of Nosocomial Hepatitis C Virus Infection in a Hemodialysis Unit"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Norihiro","family":"Furusyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norihiko","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Kashiwagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Etoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198911303212202"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012213432505"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03701.x"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00424.x"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90293-3"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-10-2359"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199906)58:2<139::AID-JMV7>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02355018"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1494"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07361-3"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-75-7-1755"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref004","first-page":"794","article-title":"Transmission of hepatitis C virus by health care workers in a rural area of Japan","volume":"90","author":"Hayashi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250334"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011232"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315431"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116137"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-199507000-00045"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198701083160203"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005494301751"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(94)91743-4"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890390104"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190538"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026696721059"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.10.3066-3069.1998","article-title":"Confirmation of nosocomial transmission of hepatitis C virus by phylogenetic analysis of the NS5-B region","volume":"36","author":"Norder","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410040030006"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2523562"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(200002)60:2<139::AID-JMV6>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(94)90091-4"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.6.166"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-3-673"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5464.339"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/517339"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01773.x"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4363-4366.2002"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90762-E"},{"key":"S0195941700077237_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2002.00374.x"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0195941700077237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T08:34:50Z","timestamp":1722242090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0195941700077237\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195941700077237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/502443","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0899-823X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-6834"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}}}