{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:27:43Z","timestamp":1791116863015,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,21]],"date-time":"2016-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466467200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4158,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X0019765X_abs1\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether healthy adult nasal carriers of<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>can disperse<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>into the air after rhinovirus infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X0019765X_abs2\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the \u201ccloud\u201d phenomenon among adult nasal carriers of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>experimentally infected with a rhinovirus. Eleven volunteers were studied for 16 days in an airtight chamber wearing street clothes, sterile garb, or sterile garb plus surgical mask; rhinovirus inoculation occurred on day 2. Daily quantitative air, nasal, and skin cultures for<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>; cold symptom assessment; and nasal rhinovirus cultures were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X0019765X_abs3\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X0019765X_abs4\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Participants:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Wake Forest University undergraduate or graduate students who had persistent nasal carriage of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>for 4 or 8 weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X0019765X_abs5\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>After rhinovirus inoculation, dispersal of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>into the air increased 2-fold with peak increases up to 34-fold. Independent predictors of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>dispersal included the time period after rhinovirus infection and wearing street clothes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .05). Wearing barrier garb but not a mask decreased dispersal of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>into the air (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X0019765X_abs6\"><jats:title><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Virus-induced dispersal of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>into the air may have an important role in the transmission of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>and other bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/502526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,14]],"date-time":"2006-04-14T20:10:46Z","timestamp":1145045446000},"page":"196-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Dispersal of<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>Into the Air Associated With a Rhinovirus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bassetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner 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