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During a period of 3 years, 705 patients with pneumonia were screened with a <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic> urinary antigen test, and pneumonia was confirmed by culture and serological tests. Twelve cases of legionnaires disease were identified, none of which were hospital acquired, despite the fact that 60% of hospital water samples were contaminated with <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic> at a concentration of more than 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> colony-forming units\/L. The probable source of infection was identified for only 2 community-acquired cases. The results show that environmental contamination alone is not able to predict the risk of legionnaires disease. If no cases are present, monitoring of hospital water systems is of little significance; clinical surveillance is much more important.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1086\/519867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,2]],"date-time":"2007-08-02T14:20:01Z","timestamp":1186064401000},"page":"1085-1088","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Active Surveillance of Legionnaires Disease During a Prospective Observational Study of Community-and Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Erica","family":"Leoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Sacchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Aporti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Lazzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Donati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Zanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gian Franco","family":"Finzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pier Paolo","family":"Legnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700047342_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.10.12.00588-en"},{"key":"S0195941700047342_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-1361-3"},{"key":"S0195941700047342_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313959"},{"key":"S0195941700047342_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504364"},{"key":"S0195941700047342_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. 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