{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:41:31Z","timestamp":1790023291257,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2650,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0195941700036079_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transmission of<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>via air may play an important role in healthcare settings. This study investigates the impact of barrier precautions on the spread of airborne<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>by volunteers with experimentally induced rhinovirus infection (ie, the common cold).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700036079_abs2\"><jats:title>Design.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective nonrandomized study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700036079_abs3\"><jats:title>Setting.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wake Forest University School of Medicine (Winston-Salem, NC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700036079_abs4\"><jats:title>Participants.<\/jats:title><jats:p>A convenience sample of 10 individuals with nasal<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>carriage selected from 593 students screened for carriage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700036079_abs5\"><jats:title>Intervention.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Airborne<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>dispersal was studied in the 10 participants under the following clothing conditions: street clothes, surgical scrubs, surgical scrubs and a gown, and the latter plus a face mask. After a 4-day baseline period, volunteers were exposed to a rhinovirus, and their clinical course was followed for 12 days. Daily swabs of nasal specimens, pharynx specimens, and skin specimens were obtained for quantitative culture, and cold symptoms were documented. Data were analyzed by random-effects negative binomial models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700036079_abs6\"><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>All participants developed a common cold. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) indicated that, compared with airborne levels of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>during sessions in which street clothes were worn, airborne levels decreased by 75% when surgical scrubs were worn (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001), by 80% when scrubs and a surgical gown were worn (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001), and by 82% when scrubs, a gown, and a face mask were worn (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001). The addition of a mask to the surgical scrubs and gown did not reduce the airborne dispersal significantly (IRR, 0.92;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&gt;.05). Male volunteers shed twice as much<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>as females (incidence rate ratio, 2.04;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .013). The cold did not alter the efficacy of the barrier precautions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700036079_abs7\"><jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scrubs reduced the spread of airborne<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, independent of the presence of a rhinovirus-induced cold. Airborne dispersal of S. aureus during sessions in which participants wore surgical scrubs was not significantly different from that during sessions in which gowns and gowns plus masks were also worn.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/520734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,5]],"date-time":"2007-09-05T18:34:50Z","timestamp":1189017290000},"page":"1148-1154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Preventing the Airborne Spread of<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>by Persons With the Common Cold: Effect of Surgical Scrubs, Gowns, and Masks"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Werner E.","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian K.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Wallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Reboussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Pfaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick G.","family":"Hayden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Sherertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400050141028"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196709282771301"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(99)00033-4"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/132.1.62"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1086\/502213","article-title":"SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus","volume":"24","author":"Muto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref031","first-page":"CD002929","article-title":"Disposable surgical face masks for preventing surgical wound infection in clean surgery","author":"Lipp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502526"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref039","first-page":"399","volume-title":"The Nose: Upper Airway Physiology and the Atmospheric Environment","author":"Gwaltney","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)91188-X"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400055297"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511814365"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(65)91610-7"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2003.05.006"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.30.3.660-674.1966","article-title":"Epidemiology of airborne staphylococcal infection","volume":"30","author":"Williams","year":"1966","journal-title":"Bacteriol Rev"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2000.0912"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(59)90058-0"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref023","first-page":"443","volume-title":"Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control.","author":"John","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref035","first-page":"161","article-title":"The \u201ccloud baby\u201d: an example of bacterial-viral interaction","volume":"100","author":"Eichenwald","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.9.2233-2239.1995","article-title":"Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing","volume":"33","author":"Tenover","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.6.1287"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658736"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref015","first-page":"267","volume-title":"Second International Symposium on Information Theory","author":"Akaike","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref013","volume-title":"Regression Modeb for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables","author":"Long","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref009","first-page":"M100","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: 12th Informational Supplement","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref022","first-page":"635","article-title":"Interim guidelines for prevention and control of staphylococcal infection associated with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin","volume":"46","year":"1997","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-60-5-753"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4997.840"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.76.5.471-484.1958","article-title":"New sampler for the collection, sizing, and enumeration of viable airborne particles","volume":"76","author":"Andersen","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2917-7"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90885-X"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-6-199603150-00001"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(96)90026-7"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30142367"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.27.1.56-71.1963","article-title":"Healthy carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: its prevalence and importance","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bacteriol Rev"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502430"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70295-4"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043252"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.1992.9936961"},{"key":"S0195941700036079_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/007327538802600402"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0195941700036079","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]],"date-time":"2020-04-26T09:22:52Z","timestamp":1587892972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0195941700036079\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195941700036079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/520734","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}}}