{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:30:46Z","timestamp":1790040646276,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To understand early host responses controlling West Nile virus (WNV) infection, acutely viremic blood donors, identified by nucleic acid amplification testing, were enrolled and monitored for RNA-clearance and WNV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. Viral load and chemokine and cytokine assays were performed on serial samples from donors whose index and first follow-up samples tested negative for IgM. A total of 84% of the specimens obtained from viremic donors before IgM\/IgG seroconversion demonstrated a decreasing viral load. Levels of interferon (IFN)-\u03b1 ere significantly increased before IgM seroconversion, relative to those in control specimens. CXCL10 and CCL2 were significantly elevated in donor specimens obtained before IgM seroconversion, compared with those obtained after IgM seroconversion. These findings suggest that IFN-mediated innate immunity plays a key role in initial control of WNV replication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1086\/591466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,26]],"date-time":"2008-08-26T15:57:46Z","timestamp":1219766266000},"page":"979-983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Interferon and Interferon-Induced Chemokine Expression Is Associated with Control of Acute Viremia in West Nile Virus-Infected Blood Donors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Leslie H.","family":"Tobler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Health Network, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion C.","family":"Lanteri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry E.","family":"Prince","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Danesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desmond","family":"Persad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Lanciotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arbovirus Disease Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Norris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Kelvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Busch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020051022475957500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12005","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01359-07","article-title":"Differential expression of interferon (IFN) regulatory factors and IFN-stimulated genes at early times after West Nile virus infection of mouse embryo fibroblasts","volume":"81","author":"Scherbik","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2020051022475957500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9100","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00316-07","article-title":"Early production of type I interferon during West Nile virus infection: role for lymphoid tissues in IRF3-independent interferon production","volume":"81","author":"Bourne","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2020051022475957500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5338","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00274-06","article-title":"Gamma interferon plays a crucial early antiviral role in protection against West Nile virus infection","volume":"80","author":"Shrestha","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2020051022475957500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe058144","article-title":"Problem solved? 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