{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T18:16:34Z","timestamp":1777054594102,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2011,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0195941700037255_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the impact of methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>on the prevalence of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>bloodstream infection among children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700037255_abs2\"><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis of demographic data, risk factors for infection, and clinical outcomes for children (age, less than 18 years) with<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>bacteremia hospitalized at a children's hospital during 2001\u20132006.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700037255_abs3\"><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 164 episodes of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>bacteremia among 151 children. The prevalence of bacteremia due to methicillin-susceptible<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>during 2001\u20132003 was approximately the same as that during 2004\u20132006 (29 and 30 cases, respectively, per 10,000 hospitalized children [hereafter, \u201cper 10,000 hospitalizations\u201d]), but the prevalence of bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>increased from 4 to 11 cases, respectively, per 10,000 hospitalizations (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .015). A total of 48% of infections involved children who had<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>-positive blood cultures less than 3 days after hospital admission. Seventy-four percent of these children had a preexisting comorbidity. When the prevalence of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>bacteremia was stratified by race, sex, or age, neonates hospitalized at birth and Hispanic children had significantly reduced risks of infection. Children younger than 1 year of age (excluding neonates hospitalized at birth) had an increased prevalence of hospital-onset<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>bacteremia. There was a disproportionate increase in the risk of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>bacteremia for each additional week of hospitalization among children with hospital-onset<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>bacteremia. Children with methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>bacteremia had a longer hospital stay, were transferred to another facility at a greater rate than they were discharged home, and had a greater mortality rate, compared with children with methicillin-susceptible<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>bacteremia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700037255_abs4\"><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study documents the prevalence of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>bacteremia among children with a high risk for acquiring this infection, and it describes populations of children who are at higher risk for bacteremia due to either methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>. Methods to improve prevention of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>bacteremia are needed for children with healthcare-associated risk factors for<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>bacteremia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/597521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,4]],"date-time":"2009-06-04T12:33:28Z","timestamp":1244118808000},"page":"636-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Pediatric and Neonatal<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>Bacteremia Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Burke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meira S.","family":"Halpern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen 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