{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:29:11Z","timestamp":1791296951026,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,21]],"date-time":"2016-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466467200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8238,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X00092710_abs1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine the cause of meningitis associated with\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      in two patients with recent ventricular-peritoneal (VP) shunt placement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X00092710_abs2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective review of materials, records, and concurrent cases of VP shunt procedures. Isolates of\n                      <jats:italic>C neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      from each patient were submitted for analysis by colony morphology, biochemical testing, and karyotyping by pulsed-field electrophoresis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X00092710_abs3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two 400-bed community hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X00092710_abs4\">\n                    <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two immunocompetent patients presented with symptoms of progressive hydrocephalus in August 1991. Each received a VP shunt on the same day by the same surgeon using materials from a common vendor and hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X00092710_abs5\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both patients presented within six to eight weeks with symptoms of fever, headache, rash, and cultures of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that yielded\n                      <jats:italic>C neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Each patient recovered after therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine followed by several months of fluconazole, although one required replacement of the VP shunt for cure. Review of each patient's history and CSF characteristics at the time of shunt placement suggested re-activation of a pre-existing infection. Isolates of\n                      <jats:italic>C neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      from each patient were submitted for analysis by colony morphology, biochemical testing, and karyotyping by pulsed-field electrophoresis. Each isolate was found to be unique by chromosomal karyotyping.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X00092710_abs6\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data and previous reports suggest that cryptococcal VP shunt infections appear to be a complication of shunts placed in previously infected persons rather than noso-transmission of cryptococcus during placement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/646675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T12:31:59Z","timestamp":1251808319000},"page":"719-722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Cryptococcal Ventricular-Peritoneal Shunt Infection: Clinical and Epidemiological Evaluation of Two Closely Associated Cases"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Ingram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Hubert B.","family":"Haywood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki M.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Perfect","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X00092710_bib004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1983.00350040118015"},{"key":"S0899823X00092710_bib006","first-page":"660","article-title":"Cryptococcal peritonitis complicating a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in unsuspected cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"12","author":"Crum","year":"1981","journal-title":"Human Mhology"},{"key":"S0899823X00092710_bib002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340210048012"},{"key":"S0899823X00092710_bib007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198809000-00017"},{"key":"S0899823X00092710_bib008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-137-11-2531"},{"key":"S0899823X00092710_bib009","first-page":"425","article-title":"Magee PX Electrophoretic karyotypes and chromosome numbers in Candida species","volume":"133","author":"Magee","year":"1987","journal-title":"J General Microbiol"},{"key":"S0899823X00092710_bib005","first-page":"373","article-title":"Ventriculoatrial shunt infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans: an ultrastructural and quantitative microbiologic study","volume":"18","author":"Walsh","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"S0899823X00092710_bib010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.5.842-845.1988"},{"key":"S0899823X00092710_bib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.3.379"},{"key":"S0899823X00092710_bib003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.9.2624-2627.1989"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X00092710","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T10:14:45Z","timestamp":1762424085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X00092710\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]},"references-count":10,"aliases":["10.2307\/30148351","10.2307\/30148351"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X00092710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/646675","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]}}}