{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:08:58Z","timestamp":1792084138416,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6972,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp.\n                                                  Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700008626_abs1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine the incidence, duration, and\n                                                  genetic diversity of colonization with\n                                                  vancomycin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus\n                                                  faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                      (VREF).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700008626_abs2\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oncology unit of a 650-bed university\n                                                  hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700008626_abs3\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Surveillance perianal swab cultures were\n                                                  performed on admission and weekly. The molecular\n                                                  relatedness of VREF isolates was determined by\n                                                  pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and by the\n                                                  hybridization pattern of the\n                      <jats:italic>vanA<\/jats:italic>\n                      resistance\n                                                  determinant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700008626_abs4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During 8 months of surveillance, the VREF\n                                                  colonization rate was 16.6 patients per 1,000\n                                                  patient-hospital days, which was 10.6 times\n                                                  greater than the VREF infection rate. Eighty-six\n                                                  patients with VREF colonization were identified.\n                                                  Colonization persisted for at least 7 weeks in the\n                                                  majority of patients. Of 36 colonized patients\n                                                  discharged from the hospital and then readmitted,\n                                                  an average of 2\u00bd weeks later, 22 (61%) patients\n                                                  still were colonized with VREF. Of the 14 patients\n                                                  who were VREF-negative at readmission, only three\n                                                  patients remained culture-negative throughout\n                                                  hospitalizations. PFGE demonstrated that\n                                                  colonization with the same VREF isolate may\n                                                  persist for at least 1 year, and patients may be\n                                                  colonized with more than one strain of\n                                                  VREF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700008626_abs5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VREF colonization is at least 10-fold more\n                                                  prevalent than infection among oncology patients.\n                                                  Colonization often persists throughout lengthy\n                                                  hospitalizations and may continue for long periods\n                                                  following hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/647041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,16]],"date-time":"2009-09-16T14:00:57Z","timestamp":1253109657000},"page":"680-685","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Natural History of Colonization with\n                                                  Vancomycin-Resistant\n                    <i>Enterococcus\n                                                  Faecium<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marisa A.","family":"Montecalvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Medical\n                                                  College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herminia","family":"de Lencastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rockefeller\n                                                  University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Carraher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Medical\n                                                  College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Gedris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Medical\n                                                  College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rockefeller\n                                                  University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"VanHorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Medical\n                                                  College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary P.","family":"Wormser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Medical\n                                                  College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700008626_bib016","first-page":"238","volume-title":"Manual of Clinical\n                                                  Microbiology","author":"Falkham","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0195941700008626_bib021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30105130"},{"key":"S0195941700008626_bib006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/646509"},{"key":"S0195941700008626_bib020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.9.2059-2063.1990"},{"key":"S0195941700008626_bib031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.1.45"},{"key":"S0195941700008626_bib001","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Am J 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