{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T02:09:28Z","timestamp":1789956568548,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6302,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S019594170000059X_abs1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine risk factors for\n                      <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection or colonization, and to identify the source of the pathogen and factors facilitating its persistence in a neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU) during an outbreak.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S019594170000059X_abs2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case-control study; review of NICU infection control policies, soap use, and hand-washing practices among healthcare workers (HCWs); and selected environmental cultures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S019594170000059X_abs3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A university-affiliated tertiary-care hospital NICU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S019594170000059X_abs4\">\n                    <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All NICU infants with at least one positive culture for\n                      <jats:italic>S marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      during August 1994 to October 1995. Infants who did not develop\n                      <jats:italic>S marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection or colonization were selected randomly as controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S019594170000059X_abs5\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-two patients met the case definition. On multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for\n                      <jats:italic>S marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection or colonization were having very low birth weight (&lt;1,500 g), a patent ductus arteriosus, a mother with chorioamnionitis, or exposure to a single HCW. During January to July 1995, NICU HCWs carried their own bottles of 1% chlorxylenol soap, which often were left standing inverted in the NICU sink and work areas. Cultures of 16 (31%) of 52 samples of soap and 1 (8%) of 13 sinks yielded\n                      <jats:italic>S marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The 16 samples of soap all came from opened 4-\n                      <jats:italic>oz<\/jats:italic>\n                      bottles carried by HCWs. DNA banding patterns of case infant, HCW soap bottle, and sink isolates were identical.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S019594170000059X_abs6\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Extrinsically contaminated soap contributed to an outbreak of\n                      <jats:italic>S marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. Very-low-birth-weight infants with multiple invasive procedures and exposures to certain HCWs were at greatest risk of\n                      <jats:italic>S marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection or colonization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/647516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,9]],"date-time":"2009-09-09T16:20:54Z","timestamp":1252513254000},"page":"704-709","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["<i>Serratia Marcescens<\/i>\n                    Outbreak Associated With Extrinsic Contamination of 1% Chlorxylenol Soap"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lennox K.","family":"Archibald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infections Program Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 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