{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T09:34:40Z","timestamp":1771148080645,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6332,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700092407_abs1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To use a serum and salt challenge in narrow-lumen carriers to evaluate a 10% ethylene oxide plus 90% hydrochlorofluorocarbon (EO-HCFC) sterilant mixture in a retrofitted 12\/88 sterilizer as an alternative to the banned chlorofluorocarbon-ethylene oxide (EO) sterilant mixture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700092407_abs2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An EO-HCFC sterilizing gas mixture in a retrofitted 12\/88 sterilizer was compared to 100% ethylene oxide (100% EO) sterilizing gas to determine its relative ability to kill seven different bacteria (\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      spores,\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus stearothermophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spores,\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus circulans<\/jats:italic>\n                      spores, and\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium chelonei<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) in the presence or absence of a combined 10% serum and 0.65% salt challenge using both penicylinders (PC) and long narrowlumen (LU) carriers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700092407_abs3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The EO-HCFC sterilant mixture (96% sterile carriers) was equivalent to the 100% EO sterilant (98% sterile carriers) for killing vegetative organisms, as well as spore suspensions, on the 27 PC and 27 LU carriers in the absence of serum and salt. In the presence of serum and salt, the EO-HCFC sterilant mixture was markedly better than the 100% EO sterilant at reducing the bacterial load on the 63 PC carriers (95% vs 62% sterile PC carriers, respectively), whereas both sterilizers were equivalent for the 63 LU carriers (49% vs 40% sterile LU carriers, respectively). Of the seven test organisms,\n                      <jats:italic>E faecalis, B subtilis, B stearothermophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>B circulans<\/jats:italic>\n                      were the most difficult to kill for both PC and LU carriers when serum and salt were present.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700092407_abs4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data presented in this report indicate that the EO-HCFC sterilant mixture is an effective alternative for gas sterilization. Indeed, the efficiency of bacterial killing for the EO-HCFC sterilant mixture was similar to that achieved by the 12\/88 EO-CFC sterilant mixture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/647690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,16]],"date-time":"2009-09-16T14:12:15Z","timestamp":1253110335000},"page":"641-645","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Bacterial Killing Ability of 10% Ethylene Oxide Plus 90% Hydrochlorofluorocarbon Sterilizing Gas"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Michelle J.","family":"Alfa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Boniface General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pat","family":"DeGagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Boniface General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Boniface General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700092407_bib002","first-page":"71","volume-title":"A Joint Project of the Canadian Hospital Association and Environment Canada","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0195941700092407_bib001","first-page":"517","volume-title":"Disinfection, Sterilizationi and Preservations","author":"Spaulding","year":"1968"},{"key":"S0195941700092407_bib003","volume-title":"Sections 601607 of the Clean Air Act. 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