{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T05:32:19Z","timestamp":1767159139507,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]],"date-time":"2016-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459382400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6360,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086756_abs1\">\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:bold>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) or a positive skin test in healthcare workers (HCWs) providing services to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and to determine prospectively the incidence of new infections in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086756_abs2\">\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:bold>DESIGN:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective cohort study enrolled 1,014 HCWs working with HIV-infected populations from 10 metropolitan areas. Purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin skin tests were placed at baseline and every 6 months afterwards on those without a history of TB or a positive PPD. Demographic, occupational, and TB exposure data also were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086756_abs3\">\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:bold>SETTING:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outpatient clinics, hospitals, private practice offices, and drug treatment programs providing HIV-related healthcare and research programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086756_abs4\">\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:bold>PARTICIPANTS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A voluntary sample of staff and volunteers from 16 Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS units.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086756_abs5\">\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Factors related to prior TB or a positive skin test at baseline included being foreign-born, increased length of time in health care, living in New York City, or previous bacille Calmette-Guer\u00edn vaccination. The rate of PPD conversion was 1.8 per 100 person years of follow-up. No independent relation was found between the amount or type of contact with HIV-infected populations and the risk of TB infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700086756_abs6\">\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data provide some reassurance that caring for HIV-infected patients is not related to an increased rate of TB infection among HCWs in these settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/647740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,16]],"date-time":"2009-09-16T14:17:34Z","timestamp":1253110654000},"page":"829-835","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Rates of Tuberculosis Infection in Healthcare Workers Providing Services to HIV-Infected 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