{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:25:22Z","timestamp":1789500322153,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5967,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700005804_abs1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe investigations into an increase in hemodialysis-related bacteremia that occurred in our hospital in the first 6 months of 1996.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700005804_abs2\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hemodialysis unit in a tertiary-care medical center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700005804_abs3\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prospective surveillance for hemodialysis bacteremia has been performed for several years. Cases that occurred in 1995 were compared to cases in the first 6 months of 1996. Unit data on dialysis runs and method of dialysis access were used to calculate rates. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to type 18\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from 1996. A case-control study comparing 80 randomly selected hemodialysis patients from 1995 and 1996 was performed to examine infection risk factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700005804_abs4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The hemodialysis bacteremia rate was 1.2 per 1,000 runs in 1995 and 2.8 per 1,000 in the first 6 months of 1996 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.0009). The 25 cases in 1995 and 32 in the first half of 1996 were similar in age, gender, means of vascular access, and micro-bial etiology. Central venous catheter (CVC) access accounted for &gt;90% of cases in both time periods.\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most common microbial etiology (53% of the 1996 cases). PCR typing of\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from 1996 demonstrated five different strains, the most common having six isolates. The use of CVCs as a means of vascular access abruptly increased in the unit in January 1996, from &lt;30% of dialysis runs in 1995 to &gt;40% in 1996 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001), associated with structural changes in healthcare delivery in the region resulting in delays in performing surgical procedures, such as creation of vascular grafts and fistulae.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700005804_abs5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A marked increase in hemodialysis bacteremia occurred in 1996, associated with increased reliance on CVCs for vascular access in hemodialysis patients during a period of healthcare restructuring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/647891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,16]],"date-time":"2009-09-16T14:17:04Z","timestamp":1253110624000},"page":"643-646","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Central Venous Catheters as a Source of Hemodialysis-Related Bacteremia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Geoffrey D.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta"},{"name":"University of Alberta Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Buchanan-Chell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Caballo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Chui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Kowalewska-Grochowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta"},{"name":"University of Alberta Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700005804_bib009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.7.1642-1645.1992"},{"key":"S0195941700005804_bib006","volume-title":"Capital Health Annual Report, 1995\/96","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0195941700005804_bib008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(92)90113-8"},{"key":"S0195941700005804_bib005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.4.579"},{"key":"S0195941700005804_bib011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/145.6.875"},{"key":"S0195941700005804_bib010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1086\/647262","article-title":"The role of understaffing in central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections","volume":"17","author":"Fridkin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0195941700005804_bib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(13)80002-9"},{"key":"S0195941700005804_bib004","first-page":"377","article-title":"Risk factors for bacterial infections in chronic hemodialysis adult patients: a multicentre prospective survey","volume":"10","author":"Hoen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"S0195941700005804_bib007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(88)90053-3"},{"key":"S0195941700005804_bib003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62054-0"},{"key":"S0195941700005804_bib002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30144190"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0195941700005804","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T08:15:45Z","timestamp":1762848945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0195941700005804\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"references-count":11,"aliases":["10.2307\/30141527"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195941700005804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/647891","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]}}}