{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:08:11Z","timestamp":1792058891547,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1615,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0195941700038479_abs1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of an active surveillance program for <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> linked to a decolonization protocol on the incidence of healthcare-associated infection and new nasal colonization due to <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700038479_abs2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Design.<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Retrospective quasi-experimental study.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700038479_abs3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Setting.<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>An 18-bed medical intensive care unit at a tertiary care center in Cleveland, Ohio.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700038479_abs4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>From January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2007, all patients in the medical intensive care unit were screened for <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> nasal carriage at admission and weekly thereafter. During the preintervention period, January 1 through September 30,2006, only surveillance occurred. During the intervention period, January 1 through December 31,2007, <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> carriers received mupirocin intranasally. Beginning in February 2007, carriers also received Chlorhexidine gluconate baths.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700038479_abs5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>During the preintervention period, 604 (73.7%) of 819 patients were screened for <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> nasal carriage, yielding 248 prevalent carriers (30.3%). During the intervention period, 752 (78.3%) of 960 patients were screened, yielding 276 carriers (28.8%). The incidence of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> carriage decreased from 25 cases in 3,982 patient-days (6.28 cases per 1,000 patient-days) before intervention to 18 cases in 5,415 patient-days (3.32 cases per 1,000 patient-days) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .04; relative risk [RR], 0.53 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.28-0.97]) and from 9.57 to 4.77 cases per 1,000 at-risk patient-days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02; RR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.27-0.91]). The incidence of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> hospital-acquired bloodstream infection during the 2 periods was 2.01 and 1.11 cases per 1,000 patient-days, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .28). The incidence of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> ventilator-associated pneumonia decreased from 1.51 to 0.18 cases per 1,000 patient-days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .03; RR, 0.12 [95% CI, 0.01-0.83]). The total incidence of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> hospital-acquired infection decreased from 3.52 to 1.29 cases per 1,000 patient-days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .03; RR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.14-0.90]).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0195941700038479_abs6\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Active surveillance for <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> nasal carriage combined with decolonization was associated with a decreased incidence of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> colonization and hospital-acquired infection.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/654001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T21:50:38Z","timestamp":1278021038000},"page":"779-783","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Decrease in <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> Colonization and Hospital-Acquired Infection in a Medical Intensive Care Unit after Institution of an Active Surveillance and Decolonization Program"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Fatica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Scarpelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro C.","family":"Arroliga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabin K.","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Hixson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary W.","family":"Procop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700038479_manual_ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1086\/502219","article-title":"Predictive value and cost-effectiveness analysis of a rapid polymerase chain reaction for preoperative detection of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"24","author":"Shrestha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0195941700038479_manual_ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591061"},{"key":"S0195941700038479_manual_ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002","article-title":"CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of healthcare-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting","volume":"36","author":"Horan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"S0195941700038479_manual_ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-6-200403160-00007"},{"key":"S0195941700038479_manual_ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597090"},{"key":"S0195941700038479_manual_ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31819ffe6d"},{"key":"S0195941700038479_manual_ref-5","volume-title":"Association of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in medical intensive care unit patients","author":"Shrestha","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0195941700038479_manual_ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00003","article-title":"Universal surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 3 affiliated hospitals","volume":"148","author":"Robiscek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"S0195941700038479_manual_ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1086\/605925","article-title":"Effectiveness of routine patient cleansing with Chlorhexidine gluconate for infection prevention in the medical intensive care unit","volume":"30","author":"Popovich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0195941700038479_manual_ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1086\/597550","article-title":"Topical therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization: impact on infection risk","volume":"30","author":"Robiscek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0195941700038479_manual_ref-8","unstructured":"OpenEpi Web site, http:\/\/www.openepi.com. Updated May 20, 2009. Accessed June 30, 2010."},{"key":"S0195941700038479_manual_ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1086\/520102","article-title":"Selective use of intranasal mupirocin and Chlorhexidine bathing and the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection among intensive care unit patients","volume":"28","author":"Ridenour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0195941700038479","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T05:01:43Z","timestamp":1750482103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0195941700038479\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"references-count":12,"aliases":["10.1086\/653025"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195941700038479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/654001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}}}