{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:20:08Z","timestamp":1792153208871,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1462,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0195941700039680_abs1\"><jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endonasal endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) is perceived as having a high risk of infection because it is performed through the sinuses, which are not sterile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700039680_abs2\"><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify the bacteriological characteristics, incidence, mortality, and risk factors for intracranial infection after ESBS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700039680_abs3\"><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis of the first 1,000 ESBS procedures performed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 1998 to 2008.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700039680_abs4\"><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 18 cases (1.8%), the patient developed meningitis. In 2 cases, the patient died within 2 months after surgery, of noninfectious causes. In 11 cases, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures had positive results. There were no predominant pathogens. Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.97 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.21-13.03]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02), history of a craniotomy or endonasal surgery (OR, 4.77 [95% CI, 1.68-13.56];<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .003), surgerywith higher levels of complexity (OR, 6.60 [95% CI, 1.77-24.70];<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .005), the presence of an external ventricular drain or ventriculoperitoneal shunt at the time of surgery (OR, 6.38 [95% CI, 1.07-38.09]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .04), and postoperative CSF leak (OR, 12.99 [95% CI, 4.24-39.82]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001) were risk factors for infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700039680_abs5\"><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of infection of 1.8% in ESBS is comparable to that in open craniotomy. The most important risk factor was a postoperative CSF leak. All patients recovered from their infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/657635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T16:44:19Z","timestamp":1291221859000},"page":"77-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["One Thousand Endoscopic Skull Base Surgical Procedures Demystifying the Infection Potential: Incidence and Description of Postoperative Meningitis and Brain Abscesses"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yuriko","family":"Kono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Prevedello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl H.","family":"Snyderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul 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