{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:15:31Z","timestamp":1759335331902},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1342,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0195941700049626_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To outline methods for deriving and validating intensive care unit (ICU) antimicrobial utilization (AU) measures from computerized data and to describe programming problems that emerged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700049626_abs2\"><jats:title>Design.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective evaluation of computerized pharmacy and administrative data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700049626_abs3\"><jats:title>Setting.<\/jats:title><jats:p>ICUs from 4 academic medical centers over 36 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700049626_abs4\"><jats:title>Interventions.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Investigators separately developed and validated programming code to report AU measures in selected ICUs. Use of antibacterial and antifungal drugs for systemic administration was categorized and expressed as antimicrobial-days (each day that each antimicrobial drug was given to each patient) and patient-days receiving antimicrobials (each day that any antimicrobial drug was given to each patient). Monthly rates were compiled and analyzed centrally, with ICU patient-days as the denominator. Results were validated against data collected from manual review of medical records. Frequent discussion among investigators aided identification and correction of programming problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700049626_abs5\"><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>AU data were successfully programmed though a reiterative process of computer code revision. After identifying and resolving major programming errors, comparison of computerized patient-level data with data collected by manual review of medical records revealed discrepancies in antimicrobial-days and patient-days receiving antimicrobials that ranged from less than 1% to 17.7%. The hospital from which numerator data were derived from electronic records of medication administration had the least discrepant results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700049626_abs6\"><jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Computerized AU measures can be derived feasibly, but threats to validity must be sought out and corrected. The magnitude of discrepancies between computerized AU data and a gold standard based on manual review of medical records varies, with electronic records of medication administration providing maximal accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/659760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,22]],"date-time":"2011-04-22T16:44:42Z","timestamp":1303490682000},"page":"472-480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Deriving Measures of Intensive Care Unit Antimicrobial Use from Computerized Pharmacy Data: Methods, Validation, and Overcoming Barriers"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"David N.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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