{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:48:17Z","timestamp":1790948897814,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":762,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0195941700050517_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe rates and pathogen distribution of device-associated infections (DAIs) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients and compare differences in infection rates by hospital type (children's vs general hospitals).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700050517_abs2\"><jats:title>Patients and Setting.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neonates in NICUs participating in the National Healthcare Safety Network from 2006 through 2008.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700050517_abs3\"><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed central line\u2013associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), umbilical catheter\u2013associated bloodstream infections (UCABs), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among 304 NICUs. Differences in pooled mean incidence rates were examined using Poisson regression; nonparametric tests for comparing medians and rate distributions were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700050517_abs4\"><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pooled mean incidence rates by birth weight category (750 g or less, 751\u20131,000 g, 1,001\u20131,500 g, 1,501\u20132,500 g, and more than 2,500 g, respectively) were 3.94, 3.09, 2.25, 1.90, and 1.60 for CLABSI; 4.52, 2.77, 1.70, 0.91, and 0.92 for UCAB; and 2.36, 2.08, 1.28, 0.86, and 0.72 for VAP. When rates of infection between hospital types were compared, only pooled mean VAP rates were significantly lower in children's hospitals than in general hospitals among neonates weighing 1,000 g or less; no significant differences in medians or rate distributions were noted. Pathogen frequencies were coagulase-negative staphylococci (28%),<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>(19%), and<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>species (13%) for bloodstream infections and<jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>species (16%),<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>(15%), and<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>species (14%) for VAP. Of 673<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>isolates with susceptibility results, 33% were methicillin resistant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700050517_abs5\"><jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neonates weighing 750 g or less had the highest DAI incidence. With the exception of VAP, pooled mean NICU incidence rates did not differ between children's and general hospitals. Pathogens associated with these infections can pose treatment challenges; continued efforts at prevention need to be applied to all NICU settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/668425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,23]],"date-time":"2012-10-23T18:56:56Z","timestamp":1351018616000},"page":"1200-1206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Device-Associated Infections among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients: Incidence and Associated Pathogens Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2006\u20132008"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Susan N.","family":"Hocevar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa C.","family":"Horan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria C.","family":"Morrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda C.","family":"Lessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3675"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1382"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061115"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(98)80005-0"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650448"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref011","unstructured":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NHSN Patient Safety Component Manual. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/TOC_PSCManual.html. Accessed June 25, 2011."},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200205"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref024","unstructured":"History of children's hospitals. National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions website, http:\/\/www.childrenshospitals.net\/AM\/Template.cfmfSection=Facts_and_Trends&TEMPLATE=\/CM\/ContentDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=12693. 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Accessed July 20, 2011."},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000142399.70913.2F"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2217"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir257","article-title":"Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections","volume":"52","author":"O'Grady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591861"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/655994"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref002","unstructured":"Scott, RD . The Direct Medical Costs of Healthcare-Associated Infections in U.S. Hospitals and the Benefits of Prevention, http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hai\/pdfs\/hai\/scott_costpaper.pdf. Published 2009. Updated November 2, 2011. Accessed December 1, 2011."},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.3.357","article-title":"Nosocomial infections among neonates in high-risk nurseries in the United States: National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System","volume":"98","author":"Gaynes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S0195941700050517_ref003","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital Signs, http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vitalsigns\/HAI\/. 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