{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:32:52Z","timestamp":1781195572400,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]],"date-time":"2015-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":488,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0195941700033683_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To quantify historical trends in rates of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in US intensive care units (ICUs) caused by major pathogen groups, including<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>spp., specified gram-negative rods, and<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700033683_abs2\"><jats:title>Design.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Active surveillance in a cohort of participating ICUs through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system during 1990\u20132004, and the National Healthcare Safety Network during 2006\u20132010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700033683_abs3\"><jats:title>Setting.<\/jats:title><jats:p>ICUS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700033683_abs4\"><jats:title>Participants.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who were admitted to participating ICUs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700033683_abs5\"><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CLABSI incidence density rate for<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>decreased annually starting in 2002 and remained lower than for other pathogen groups. Since 2006, the annual decrease for<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>CLABSIs in nonpediatric ICU types was \u221218.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], \u221220.8% to \u221215.8%), whereas the incidence density rate for<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>among pediatric ICUs did not change. The annual decrease for all ICUs combined since 2006 was \u221217.8% (95% CI, \u221219.4% to \u221216.1%) for<jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>spp., \u221216.4% (95% CI, \u221218.2% to \u221214.7%) for gram-negative rods, and \u221213.5% (95% CI, \u221215.4% to \u221211.5%) for<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>spp.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0195941700033683_abs6\"><jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patterns of ICU CLABSI incidence density rates among major pathogen groups have changed considerably during recent decades. CLABSI incidence declined steeply since 2006, except for CLABSI due to<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>in pediatric ICUs. There is a need to better understand CLABSIs that still do occur, on the basis of microbiological and patient characteristics. New prevention approaches may be needed in addition to central line insertion and maintenance practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/671724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T20:21:41Z","timestamp":1374006101000},"page":"893-899","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Incidence Trends in Pathogen-Specific Central Line\u2013Associated Bloodstream Infections in US Intensive Care Units, 1990\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ryan P.","family":"Fagan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott K.","family":"Fridkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley S.","family":"Magill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32834ebdc3"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598341"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.153"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref011","volume-title":"Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) Event","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2011.03.013"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir257"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1086\/502213","article-title":"SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus","volume":"24","author":"Muto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1382"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061115"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir200"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1115"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2004.10.001"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref012","volume-title":"NHSN Newsletter: Revised LCBI Definition","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0047"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref006","volume-title":"HHS Action Plan to Prevent Health Care-Associated Infections: Prevention\u2014Targets and Metrics","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref009","volume-title":"NHSNPatient Safety Component Tables of Instructions","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/660765"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref001","first-page":"243","article-title":"Vital signs: central line-associated blood stream infections\u2014United States, 2001, 2008, and 2009","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30141777"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2004.10.001"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000299821.46193.A3"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref020","volume-title":"ID Week 2012","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref002","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Reduction in central line-associated bloodstream infections among patients in intensive care units\u2014Pennsylvania, April 2001-March 2005","volume":"54","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3675"},{"key":"S0195941700033683_ref018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC)","volume":"44","year":"1995","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; 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