{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T03:00:54Z","timestamp":1771470054003,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462838400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":770,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0899823X0019141X_abs1\"><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess definitions, experience, and infection control practices for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB), including Enterobacteriaceae, <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> species, in acute care hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X0019141X_abs2\"><jats:title>Design.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X0019141X_abs3\"><jats:title>Participants.<\/jats:title><jats:p>US and international members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X0019141X_abs4\"><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Online survey that included definitions, infection control procedures, and microbiology capability related to MDR-GNB and other MDR bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X0019141X_abs5\"><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>From November 2012 through February 2013, 66 of 170 SHEA Research Network members responded (39% response rate), representing 26 states and 15 countries. More than 80% of facilities reported experience with each MDR-GNB isolate, and 78% had encountered GNB resistant to all antibiotics except colistin (62% <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>, 59% <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>, and 52% Enterobacteriaceae species). Participants varied regarding their definitions of \u201cmultidrug resistant,\u201d with 14 unique definitions for <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>, 18 for <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>, and 22 for Enterobacteriaceae species. Substantial variation also existed in isolation practices. Although isolation was commonly used for methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), approximately 20% of facilities did not isolate for MDR <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>. The majority of those that isolated MDR organisms also removed isolation using a wide variety of criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X0019141X_abs6\"><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Facilities vary significantly in their approach to preventing MDR-GNB transmission. Although practices for MRSA and VRE are relatively standardized, emerging pathogens CRE and other MDR-GNB have highly varied definitions and management. This confusion makes communication difficult, and varied use of isolation may contribute to emergence of these organisms. Public health agencies need to promote standard definitions and management to enable broader initiatives to limit emergence of MDR-GNB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1086\/675600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]],"date-time":"2014-03-06T10:57:46Z","timestamp":1394103466000},"page":"362-366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Variation in Definitions and Isolation Procedures for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Survey of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Research Network"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Marci","family":"Drees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Pineles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"#cr-split#-S0899823X0019141X_ref004.1","unstructured":"1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012 CRE toolkit-guidance for control of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S0899823X0019141X_ref004.2","unstructured":"2. (CRE). http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hai\/organisms\/cre\/cre-toolkit\/. Accessed August 20, 2013."},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597296"},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650169"},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref003","first-page":"256","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidance for control of infections with carbapenem-resistant or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in acute care facilities","volume":"58","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis556"},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.2.235"},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2006.05.238"},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.10.006"},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323762"},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070741"},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref011","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Twentieth Informational Supplement","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.10.007"},{"key":"S0899823X0019141X_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041359"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X0019141X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T18:29:07Z","timestamp":1555957747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X0019141X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X0019141X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/675600","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}}}