{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:52:28Z","timestamp":1791640348816,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The purpose of this work was to characterize three formulations of PRESAGE\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    dosimeters (DEA-1, DEA-2, and DX) and to identify optimal readout timing and procedures for accurate in-house 3D dosimetry. The optimal formulation and procedure was then applied for the verification of an intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and a volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment technique.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    PRESAGE\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    formulations were studied for their temporal stability post-irradiation, sensitivity, and linearity of dose response. Dosimeters were read out using a high-resolution optical-CT scanner. Small volumes of PRESAGE\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    were irradiated to investigate possible differences in sensitivity for large and small volumes (\u2018volume effect\u2019). The optimal formulation and read-out technique was applied to the verification of two patient treatments: an IMRT plan and a VMAT plan.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A gradual decrease in post-irradiation optical-density was observed in all formulations with DEA-1 exhibiting the best temporal stability with less than 4% variation between 2\u201322\u2009h post-irradiation. A linear dose response at the 4\u2009h time point was observed for all formulations with an\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    value\u00a0&gt;0.99. A large volume effect was observed for DEA-1 with sensitivity of the large dosimeter being ~63% less than the sensitivity of the cuvettes. For the IMRT and VMAT treatments, the 3D gamma passing rates for 3%\/3\u2009mm criteria using absolute measured dose were 99.6 and 94.5% for the IMRT and VMAT treatments, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In summary, this work shows that accurate 3D dosimetry is possible with all three PRESAGE\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    formulations. The optimal imaging windows post-irradiation were 3\u201324\u2009h, 2\u20136\u2009h, and immediately for the DEA-1, DEA-2, and DX formulations, respectively. Because of the large volume effect, small volume cuvettes are not yet a reliable method for calibration of larger dosimeters to absolute dose. Finally, PRESAGE\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    is observed to be a useful method of 3D verification when careful consideration is given to the temporal stability and imaging protocols for the specific formulation used.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/6\/2217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T06:13:19Z","timestamp":1424067199000},"page":"2217-2230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["An investigation of PRESAGE\n                    <sup>\u00ae<\/sup>\n                    3D dosimetry for IMRT and VMAT radiation therapy treatment verification"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Jake","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Universty"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titania","family":"Juang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Universty"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Adamovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rider University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Oldham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Universty"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmb508562bib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/nci555","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of PRESAGE\u00ae: a new 3D radiochromic solid polymer dosimeter for ionizing radiation","volume":"120","author":"Adamovics","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"pmb508562bib002","article-title":"Computational environment for radiotherapy research","author":"Deasy","year":"2010","type":"book"},{"key":"pmb508562bib003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2192888","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of a new radiochromic 3D dosimeter","volume":"33","author":"Guo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmb508562bib004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/573\/1\/012039","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of a reusable PRESAGE\u00ae 3D dosimeter","volume":"573","author":"Juang","year":"2014a","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"pmb508562bib005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4884018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"On the feasibility of comprehensive high-resolution 3D remote dosimetry","volume":"41","author":"Juang","year":"2014b","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmb508562bib006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/444\/1\/012029","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Customising PRESAGE\u00ae for diverse applications","volume":"444","author":"Juang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"pmb508562bib007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/3\/023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A basic dosimetric study of PRESAGE\u00ae: the effect of different amounts of fabricating components on the sensitivity and stability of the dosimeter","volume":"55","author":"Mostaar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmb508562bib008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/250\/1\/012078","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Preliminary commissioning investigations with the DMOS-RPC optical-CT scanner","volume":"250","author":"Newton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"pmb508562bib009","type":"book","article-title":"Methods and techniques for comprehensive 3D dosimetry","volume":"5","author":"Oldham","year":"2014"},{"key":"pmb508562bib010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.12.015","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A quality assurance method that utilizes 3D dosimetry and facilitates clinical interpretation","volume":"84","author":"Oldham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmb508562bib011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/250\/1\/012047","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An investigation into a new re-usable 3D radiochromic dosimetry material, PresageREU","volume":"250","author":"Pierquet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"pmb508562bib012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3005609","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A comprehensive evaluation of the PRESAGE\u00ae\/optical-CT 3D dosimetry system","volume":"36","author":"Sakhalkar","year":"2009a","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmb508562bib013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3148534","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Investigation of the feasibility of relative 3D dosimetry in the radiologic physics center head and neck IMRT phantom using Presage\/optical-CT","volume":"36","author":"Sakhalkar","year":"2009b","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmb508562bib014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/250\/1\/012100","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of irradiation and storage temperature on PRESAGE\u00aedose response","volume":"250","author":"Skyt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"pmb508562bib015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/250\/1\/012007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fast, large field-of-view, telecentric optical-CT scanning system for 3D radiochromic dosimetry","volume":"250","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"pmb508562bib016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/14\/013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A method to correct for stray light in telecentric optical-CT imaging of radiochromic dosimeters","volume":"56","author":"Thomas","year":"2011a","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmb508562bib017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3611042","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Commissioning and benchmarking a 3D dosimetry system for clinical use","volume":"38","author":"Thomas","year":"2011b","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmb508562bib018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/11\/014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A method to correct for spectral artifacts in optical-CT dosimetry","volume":"56","author":"Thomas","year":"2011c","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmb508562bib019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2011.565368","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of the optical properties and stability of PRESAGE\u00ae\u2122 following irradiation with photons and carbon ions","volume":"50","author":"Yates","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."}],"container-title":["Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/60\/i=6\/a=2217\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/60\/i=6\/a=2217?key=crossref.60dfd918f86204bd29b472fa94bbfb69","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/6\/2217","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/6\/2217\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/6\/2217\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/60\/i=6\/a=2217\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/60\/i=6\/a=2217?key=crossref.60dfd918f86204bd29b472fa94bbfb69","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/6\/2217\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:25:29Z","timestamp":1791638729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/6\/2217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/6\/2217","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9155","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"An investigation of PRESAGE\n                      \u00ae\n                      3D dosimetry for IMRT and VMAT radiation therapy treatment verification","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2015 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2014-10-21","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2015-01-14","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2015-02-16","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}