{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T14:29:05Z","timestamp":1786804145933,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"PdCCRS","award":["628592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["628592"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000927","name":"Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Movember Young Investigator"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Movember Young Investigator"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000927","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DP110102258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP110102258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Treatment plans for ten patients, initially treated with a conventional approach to low dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR, 145 Gy to entire prostate), were compared with plans for the same patients created with an inverse-optimisation planning process utilising a biologically-based objective. The \u2018biological optimisation\u2019 considered a non-uniform distribution of tumour cell density through the prostate based on known and expected locations of the tumour. Using dose planning-objectives derived from our previous biological-model validation study, the volume of the urethra receiving 125% of the conventional prescription (145 Gy) was reduced from a median value of 64% to less than 8% whilst maintaining high values of TCP. On average, the number of planned seeds was reduced from 85 to less than 75. The robustness of plans to random seed displacements needs to be carefully considered when using contemporary seed placement techniques. We conclude that an inverse planning approach to LDR treatments, based on a biological objective, has the potential to maintain high rates of tumour control whilst minimising dose to healthy tissue. In future, the radiobiological model will be informed using multi-parametric MRI to provide a personalised medicine approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/1\/430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T11:13:53Z","timestamp":1450264433000},"page":"430-444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A radiobiology-based inverse treatment planning method for optimisation of permanent l-125 prostate implants in focal brachytherapy"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Annette","family":"Haworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre"},{"name":"University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Mears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M","family":"Betts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley M","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre"},{"name":"University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Tack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University"},{"name":"National ICT Australia (NICTA)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin A","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital"},{"name":"University of Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbaa0933bib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.02.043","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dosimetry modeling for focal low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy","volume":"92","author":"Al-Qaisieh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000052","type":"journal-article","article-title":"How to diagnose and treat focal therapy failure and recurrence?","volume":"24","author":"Barret","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Urol."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2003.11.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The robustness of dose distributions to displacement and migration of 125I permanent seed implants over a wide range of seed number, activity, and designs","volume":"58","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.05.225","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimised robust treatment plans for prostate cancer focal brachytherapy","volume":"51","author":"Betts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2006.02.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of random seed placement error in permanent transperineal prostate seed implant","volume":"79","author":"Bues","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598842","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of seed loading approaches in prostate brachytherapy","volume":"27","author":"Butler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2013.02.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Focal brachytherapy for selected low-risk prostate cancers: a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Cosset","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v11i3.3096","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Inverse planning optimization for hybrid prostate permanent-seed implant brachytherapy plans using two source strengths","volume":"11","author":"Cunha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2011.07.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"American Brachytherapy Society consensus guidelines for transrectal ultrasound-guided permanent prostate brachytherapy","volume":"11","author":"Davis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(94)90027-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dose effects of seeds placement deviations from pre-planned positions in ultrasound guided prostate implants","volume":"32","author":"Dawson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/46\/2\/303","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An iterative sequential mixed-integer approach to automated prostate brachytherapy treatment plan optimization","volume":"46","author":"D\u2019souza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598843","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Modeling dose response in the presence of spatial variations in dose rate","volume":"27","author":"Ebert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2409748","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effects of seed migration on post-implant dosimetry of prostate brachytherapy","volume":"34","author":"Gao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.04.049","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dose escalation to the dominant intraprostatic lesion defined by sextant biopsy in a permanent prostate I-125 implant: a prospective comparative toxicity analysis","volume":"77","author":"Gaudet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10827.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparative analysis of prostate-specific antigen free survival outcomes for patients with low, intermediate and high risk prostate cancer treatment by radical therapy","volume":"109","author":"Grimm","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/6\/2179","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A new optimization method using a compressed sensing inspired solver for real-time LDR-brachytherapy treatment planning","volume":"60","author":"Guthier","year":"2015a","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19387-8_102","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Compressed sensing-based LDR brachytherapy inverse treatment planning with biological models","volume":"51","author":"Guthier","year":"2015b","journal-title":"IFMBE Proc."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.01.047","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Assessment of I-125 prostate implants by tumor bioeffect","volume":"59","author":"Haworth","year":"2004a","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/49\/16\/012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Prostate implant evaluation using tumour control probability\u2014the effect of input parameters","volume":"49","author":"Haworth","year":"2004b","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2013.04.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Validation of a radiobiological model for low-dose-rate prostate boost focal therapy treatment planning","volume":"12","author":"Haworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6345","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/22\/006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Convex reformulation of biologically-based multi-criteria intensity-modulated radiation therapy optimization including fractionation effects","volume":"53","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.08.032","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Risk-adaptive optimization: selective boosting of high-risk tumor subvolumes","volume":"66","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10825.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Report of a consensus meeting on focal low dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer","volume":"109","author":"Langley","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2014.06.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dosimetry modeling for focal high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy","volume":"13","author":"Mason","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2015.04.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An open-source genetic algorithm for determining optimal seed distributions for low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy","volume":"14","author":"McGeachy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597458","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dosimetry of interstitial brachytherapy sources: recommendations of the AAPM radiation therapy committee task group no. 43. American Association of Physicists in Medicine","volume":"22","author":"Nath","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5310","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3246613","type":"journal-article","article-title":"AAPM recommendations on dose prescription and reporting methods for permanent interstitial brachytherapy for prostate cancer: report of task group 137","volume":"36","author":"Nath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4794487","type":"journal-article","article-title":"BrachyView: proof-of-principle of a novel in-body gamma camera for low dose-rate prostate brachytherapy","volume":"40","author":"Petasecca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00365-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimization of permanent 125I prostate implants using fast simulated annealing","volume":"36","author":"Pouliot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1646040","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Update of AAPM task group No. 43 report: a revised AAPM protocol for brachytherapy dose calculations","volume":"31","author":"Rivard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)04123-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Is there a preferred strength for regularly spaced 125I seeds in inverse-planned prostate implants?","volume":"55","author":"Sloboda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.05.048","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of focal therapy in the management of localised prostate cancer: a systematic review","volume":"66","author":"Valerio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)03828-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"How low is the \u03b1\/\u03b2 ratio for prostate cancer?","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4077","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/48\/24\/006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Treatment planning for prostate brachytherapy using region of interest adjoint functions and a greedy heuristic","volume":"48","author":"Yoo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/3\/020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A greedy heuristic using adjoint functions for the optimization of seed and needle configurations in prostate seed implant","volume":"52","author":"Yoo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaa0933bib036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0097-8493(00)00071-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Modeling and mapping of prostate cancer","volume":"24","author":"Zeng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comput. Graph."}],"container-title":["Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/1\/430","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/1\/430\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/1\/430\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/1\/430\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T13:58:32Z","timestamp":1786802312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/1\/430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/1\/430","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9155","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"A radiobiology-based inverse treatment planning method for optimisation of permanent l-125 prostate implants in focal brachytherapy","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2015-07-21","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2015-11-04","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2015-12-16","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}