{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T15:32:51Z","timestamp":1775057571234,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Low temperature magnetization of CrI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , CrSiTe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CrGeTe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    single crystals were systematically studied. Based on the temperature dependence of extrapolated spontaneous magnetization from magnetic isotherms measured at different temperatures, the spin stiffness constant (\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and spin excitation gap (\u0394) were extracted according to Bloch\u2019s law. For spin stiffness,\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    is estimated to be 27 \u00b1 6 meV \u00c5\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 20 \u00b1 3 meV \u00c5\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 38 \u00b1 7 meV \u00c5\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    for CrI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , CrSiTe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CrGeTe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    respectively. Spin excitation gaps determined via Bloch\u2019s formulation have larger error bars yielding 0.59 \u00b1 0.34 meV (CrI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), 0.37 \u00b1 0.22 meV (CrSiTe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and 0.28 \u00b1 0.19 meV (CrGeTe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Among all three studied compounds, larger spin stiffness value leads to higher ferromagnetic transition temperature.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-648x\/abe44d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T04:26:35Z","timestamp":1612844795000},"page":"195803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Spin stiffness of chromium-based van der Waals ferromagnets"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Zhixue","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5064-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tai","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"cmabe44dbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22391","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van Der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit","volume":"546","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"cmabe44dbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22060","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van Der Waals crystals","volume":"546","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"cmabe44dbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar3617","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Probing magnetism in 2D van Der Waals crystalline insulators via electron tunneling","volume":"360","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"cmabe44dbib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4851","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in spin-filter van Der Waals heterostructures","volume":"360","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"cmabe44dbib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0186-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electric-field control of magnetism in a few-layered van Der Waals ferromagnetic semiconductor","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2020-12-28","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2021-02-08","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2021-04-23","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}