{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:28:11Z","timestamp":1786696091427,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We present a theoretical study of electromagnetic surface wave modes along a dielectric interface that includes a smectic\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:msup>\n                            <mml:mi>C<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>\u2217<\/mml:mo>\n                          <\/mml:msup>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    liquid crystal-based layer, and a metallic layer. The liquid crystal layer has a twist defect and metallic inclusions. The system is modeled by Maxwell\u2019s equation and we propose a Maxwell\u2013Garnett theory for the dielectric response of the liquid crystal layer. Surface waves satisfy a Marcuvitz\u2013Schwinger system that we solve numerically in the liquid crystal region assuming continuous fields at interfaces. The inverse dispersion relation shows the existence of localized modes associated with defect-tuned resonances. Field distributions for the electric, magnetic, and Poynting vector components imply enhanced confinement near the defect region, with strong amplification at resonant frequencies and clear evidence of energy trapping. We also observe the existence of a region of negative group velocity in the dispersion relation and we evaluate the possibility of metamaterial behavior. The comparison between single-period and multi-period liquid crystal layers indicates that increasing the number of periods reinforces localization and mode stability. These results highlight the role of structural defects in tailoring light propagation through anisotropic composite waveguides and open perspectives for tunable photonic devices based on liquid crystals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-648x\/ae91c2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T22:55:15Z","timestamp":1785279315000},"page":"325701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Propagation of electromagnetic waves through liquid crystals with defect-based interfaces"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2203-8646","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panayotis","family":"Panayotaros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4464-9739","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan","family":"Adri\u00e1n Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"cmae91c2bib1","author":"de Gennes","year":"1993","edition":"2nd edn","type":"book"},{"key":"cmae91c2bib2","author":"Chandrasekhar","year":"1992","edition":"2nd edn","type":"book"},{"key":"cmae91c2bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-022-01032-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advanced liquid crystal-based switchable optical devices for light protection applications: Principles and strategies","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Light Sci. 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Published by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-04-06","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-07-28","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-08-14","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}