{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T04:40:32Z","timestamp":1782535232715,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Radiol. Prot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The results obtained in a measurement campaign concerning internal contamination by the gamma-emitting radionuclides of a large number of individuals are presented in this work. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of the spectrometric method in an emergency response following a nuclear power plant accident or a spread of radionuclides in the atmosphere due to an act of terrorism. An HPGe portable spectrometer, deployed in a collective protection apparatus, was used for both whole-body and thyroid measurements. An adult bottle mannequin absorption (BOMAB) and thyroid phantoms were used to evaluate the detector performance. The BOMAB phantom was provided by the Italian Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology (INMRI) for the ENEA intercomparison exercise. Thyroid phantoms were provided by the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre for the \u2018Child and Adult Thyroid Monitoring After Reactor Accident\u2019 European intercomparison exercise. The instrument performance was further evaluated by collecting spectral data from healthy volunteers, using acquisition times of 180 s and 100 s, respectively, for the whole-body and thyroid measurements. The detector showed good accuracy in quantifying radionuclide activities in the adult BOMAB and in the thyroids of persons of all ages. The proposed method allows us to detect\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity leading to a committed effective dose\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    (50) and committed thyroid equivalent doses\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\n                    greater than 2 mSv due to all gamma-emitting fission products, if the scan is performed within five days after intake. Assuming, for instance, an acute inhalation of\n                    <jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cs and\n                    <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>\n                    I, the obtained detection limit values for adults lead to a\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    (50) value equal to 0.08 mSv and an\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\n                    value of 0.27 mSv. The\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    (50) and\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\n                    values show that the proposed method can be successfully used when the dose assessment must be rapidly performed for a large number of individuals in the eventuality of the scenarios previously mentioned.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T23:27:19Z","timestamp":1569886039000},"page":"134-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Large-scale individual monitoring of internal contamination by gamma-emitting radionuclides in nuclear accident scenarios"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8796-2007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I","family":"Vilardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Antonacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Battisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C-M","family":"Castellani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Ciciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Del Gaudio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Giardina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Iurlaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Sperandio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"jrpab4972bib1","article-title":"Triage, monitoring and treatment of people exposed to ionising radiation following a malevolent act","author":"Rojas-Palma","year":"2009","type":"book"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/35\/2\/R1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Review of methods to measure internal contamination in an emergency","volume":"35","author":"Youngman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Radiol. Prot."},{"key":"jrpab4972bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/aae85e","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Large-scale individual thyroid monitoring following nuclear accidents by means of non-spectrometric devices","volume":"38","author":"Vilardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Radiol. Prot."},{"key":"jrpab4972bib4","article-title":"Large-scale measurements of internal contamination in case of a nuclear accident","author":"Hjellstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","type":"conference-proceedings"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib5","author":"IAEA","year":"1994","type":"book"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib6","author":"IAEA","year":"2015","type":"book"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib7","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib8","author":"ICRU","year":"1992","type":"report"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib9","author":"ICRP","year":"1975","type":"book"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib10","author":"AFNOR","year":"2013","type":"book"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Etherington","year":"2017","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.31739.41765","type":"book"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib12","author":"ISO","year":"2015","type":"book"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib13","author":"ISO","year":"2010","type":"book"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2019.106178","type":"journal-article","article-title":"European intercomparison on the measurement of l-131 in thyroid of adults and children","volume":"129","author":"Lebacq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiation Meas."},{"key":"jrpab4972bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60259a007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Limits for qualitative detection and quantitative determination. Application to radiochemistry","volume":"40","author":"Currie","year":"1968","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"jrpab4972bib16","article-title":"IDEAS guidelines (version 2) for the estimation of committed doses from incorporation monitoring data","author":"EURADOS","year":"2013","type":"report"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2833\/393101","type":"book","article-title":"Technical recommendations for monitoring individuals for occupational intakes of radionuclides","author":"RP","year":"2018"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib18","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/nch048","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development of software for internal dose calculation from bioassay measurements","volume":"109","author":"Ishigure","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"jrpab4972bib20","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib21","first-page":"1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"1990 Recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection ICRP publication 60","volume":"21","author":"ICRP","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib22","first-page":"1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Occupational intakes of radionuclides: part 2 ICRP publication 134","volume":"45","author":"ICRP","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0146645317734963","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Occupational intakes of radionuclides: part 3 ICRP publication 137","volume":"46","author":"ICRP","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib24","first-page":"2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The 2007 recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection ICRP publication 103","volume":"37","author":"ICRP","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib25","first-page":"1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: part 4 inhalation dose coefficients ICRP publication 71","volume":"25","author":"ICRP","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91791-7_4","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"A mobile complex system for fast internal contamination monitoring in nuclear and radiological terrorism scenarios","author":"Vilardi","year":"2018"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib27","author":"Youngman","year":"2008","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib28","first-page":"32013L0059","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The Council of the European Union 2013 Council Directive 2013\/59\/Euratom of 5 December 2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation, and repealing Directives 89\/618\/Euratom, 90\/641\/Euratom, 96\/29\/Euratom, 97\/43\/Euratom and 2003\/122\/Euratom OJ L 13 1-73","year":"2013","journal-title":"EUR-Lex"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib29","author":"IAEA","year":"2017","type":"book"},{"key":"jrpab4972bib30","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","type":"book"}],"container-title":["Journal of Radiological Protection"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T15:02:13Z","timestamp":1765638133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ab4972","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-4746","1361-6498"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-4746","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6498","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Large-scale individual monitoring of internal contamination by gamma-emitting radionuclides in nuclear accident scenarios","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Radiological Protection","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Society for Radiological Protection. Published on behalf of SRP by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights reserved. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2019-05-20","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2019-09-30","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2019-12-17","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}