{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T15:01:03Z","timestamp":1775055663003,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key Natural Science Project of Anhui Provincial Education Department","award":["Grant KJ2021A0746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant KJ2021A0746"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Radiol. Prot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to investigate the strength of the correlation between organ doses and four computed tomography (CT) dose metrics, and to explore a method for rapidly estimating organ doses in patients undergoing chest-abdominal-pelvic (CAP) CT examinations. We retrospectively collected DICOM images of 43 patients who underwent CAP CT examinations. These images were imported into Archer-CT for organ segmentation and dose calculation. Then, regarding the six radiosensitive organs (spinal cord, lung, oesophagus, stomach, liver, and bladder) that were included in the study, various radiation dose metrics were calculated based on size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) derived from equivalent water diameters (\n                    <jats:italic>Dw<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), i.e. SSDE\n                    <jats:sub>centre<\/jats:sub>\n                    based on\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                    in the centre of the scan range, the SSDE\n                    <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                    based on the mean SSDEs of all slices, and the organ-specific SSDE\n                    <jats:sub>organ<\/jats:sub>\n                    for various organs, as prescribed in American Association of Physicists in Medicine Report 220. Subsequently, correlation analyses were applied to evaluate the relationship between the organ doses and each radiation dose metric and to derive conversion factors for rapid estimation of organ doses. The ranked linear correlations of the four dose metrics with each organ dose were as follows, in descending order: SSDE\n                    <jats:sub>organ<\/jats:sub>\n                    , SSDE\n                    <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                    , CTDI\n                    <jats:sub>vol<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and SSDE\n                    <jats:sub>centre<\/jats:sub>\n                    . The strongest and weakest correlations were found between organ dose to liver and SSDE\n                    <jats:sub>Liver<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.88),and between organ dose to the bladder and SSDE\n                    <jats:sub>Bladder<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.62) respectively, while the\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    of the rest of the organ doses to SSDE\n                    <jats:sub>organ<\/jats:sub>\n                    was around 0.8. The conversion coefficients for estimating organ doses based on SSDE\n                    <jats:sub>organ<\/jats:sub>\n                    for the spinal cord, lung, oesophagus, liver, stomach, and bladder were 0.75, 1.24, 0.89, 1.17, 1.18, and 0.83, respectively. Higher correlations were observed between organ doses and SSDE\n                    <jats:sub>organ<\/jats:sub>\n                    for organs involved in this study during CAP CT examinations. Thus, SSDE\n                    <jats:sub>organ<\/jats:sub>\n                    can be used to simplify and estimate the individualised organ dose for CAP CT examinations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae4b47","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T22:48:26Z","timestamp":1772232506000},"page":"021502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estimation of organ doses based on patient-specific characteristics undergoing chest-abdomen-pelvis CT examinations of tube current modulation"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7554-1210","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baohui","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6338-5484","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zirui","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9632-3909","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingting","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"jrpae4b47bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1002530","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Is computed tomography safe?","volume":"363","author":"Smith-Bindman","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib2","article-title":"Medical radiation exposure of patients in the United States","type":"report"},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.210107","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Demystifying the CT radiation dose sheet","volume":"42","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2007.03.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"American College of Radiology white paper on radiation dose in medicine","volume":"4","author":"Amis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Radiol."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.226025128","type":"journal-article","article-title":"AAPM\/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: topics in CT. Radiation dose in CT","volume":"22","author":"McNitt-Gray","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101800","type":"journal-article","article-title":"CT dose index and patient dose: they are not the same thing","volume":"259","author":"McCollough","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3533897","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The feasibility of patient size-corrected, scanner-independent organ dose estimates for abdominal CT exams","volume":"38","author":"Turner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3368596","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The feasibility of a scanner-independent technique to estimate organ dose from MDCT scans: using CTDIvol to account for differences between scanners","volume":"37","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab0bc8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Influence of cone beam CT (CBCT) scan parameters on size specific dose estimate (SSDE): a Monte Carlo study","volume":"64","author":"Abuhaimed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6160","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15128","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluating size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) as an estimate of organ doses from routine CT exams derived from Monte Carlo simulations","volume":"48","author":"Hardy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4906178","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Accuracy of Monte Carlo simulations compared to in-vivo MDCT dosimetry","volume":"42","author":"Bostani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20160308","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of scan settings on automatic tube current modulation in CT using a novel phantom","volume":"90","author":"Merzan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4884227","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) provides a simple method to calculate organ dose for pediatric CT examinations","volume":"41","author":"Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2020.07.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Correlation analysis of organ doses determined by Monte Carlo simulation with dose metrics for patients undergoing chest-abdomen-pelvis CT examinations","volume":"77","author":"Fujii","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Med."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.11.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluation of a new predictive equation for automated calculation of size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) in CT imaging","volume":"30","author":"Osman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"(2)1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2009.09.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"ICRP Publication 110. Realistic reference phantoms: an ICRP\/ICRU joint effort. A report of adult reference computational phantoms","volume":"39","author":"Menzel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12383","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of methods to estimate water-equivalent diameter for calculation of patient dose","volume":"19","author":"Daudelin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15402","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Technical note: advancing size-specific dose estimates in CT examinations: dose estimates at longitudinal positions of scans","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncac163","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Estimation of pediatric dose descriptors adapted to individual specific size from CT examinations","volume":"198","author":"Abdulkadir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-012-9525-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Automated estimation of abdominal effective diameter for body size normalization of CT dose","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Digit. Imaging"},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14131","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A method of rapid quantification of patient-specific organ doses for CT using deep-learning-based multi-organ segmentation and GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo dose computing","volume":"47","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"jrpae4b47bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12112365","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Size-specific dose estimates for adult patients at CT of the torso","volume":"265","author":"Christner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Radiological Protection"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae4b47","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae4b47\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae4b47","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae4b47\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae4b47\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae4b47\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae4b47\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae4b47\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T13:09:53Z","timestamp":1775048993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae4b47"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae4b47","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-4746","1361-6498"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-4746","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6498","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Estimation of organ doses based on patient-specific characteristics undergoing chest-abdomen-pelvis CT examinations of tube current modulation","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Radiological Protection","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Society for Radiological Protection. Published on behalf of SRP by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-09-20","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-02-27","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-04-01","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}