{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:02:45Z","timestamp":1790384565741,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Radiol. Prot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Occupational radiation exposure during fluoroscopy-guided dorsolumbar spine surgery was evaluated using ATOM phantoms and carbon-doped aluminium oxide (\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n Al<\/mml:mi>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n \n O<\/mml:mi>\n 3<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n :<\/mml:mo>\n C<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) nanoDot optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosemeters. A controlled 50-acquisition protocol (comprising anteroposterior, oblique, and lateral projections) was used to map organ-specific doses for an operating surgeon at 50 cm from the C-arm isocentre. The expanded measurement uncertainty was 7.6% (\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n k<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ). In the unprotected configuration, the highest equivalent doses occurred in the thoracic region, specifically the breasts (0.0430\u2009mSv\/procedure), oesophagus (0.0335\u2009mSv\/procedure), lungs (0.0230\u2009mSv\/procedure), and stomach (0.0280\u2009mSv\/procedure). Standard protective equipment (0.5 mm Pb-equivalent) reduced these organ doses by 27.3%\u201342.9%. However, these reduction factors characterise the complete geometric setup rather than the intrinsic attenuation of individual shielding devices. Based on International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 103 tissue-weighting factors, the calculated effective dose was 0.152\u2009mSv per simulated procedure. Illustrative workload extrapolations (\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n E<\/mml:mi>\n \n annual<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 0.1519<\/mml:mn>\n \u00d7<\/mml:mo>\n N<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) yielded cumulative annual effective doses of 14.58\u2009mSv yr\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n \n \u2212<\/mml:mo>\n 1<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n for 96 procedures and 36.45\u2009mSv yr\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n \n \n \u2212<\/mml:mo>\n 1<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n for 240 procedures. These scenario-based projections are highly specific to the evaluated setup, table height, and acquisition parameters. The findings support the utility of local kerma-area product-normalised dose audits, rigorous individual monitoring, and the consideration of conditional Category A classification for high-volume spine surgeons where comparable exposures are verified by local clinical practice.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae8551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T22:48:48Z","timestamp":1783032528000},"page":"031510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Occupational radiation exposure in spine surgery: organ-specific OSL phantom dosimetry and workload-based risk assessment"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8885-1028","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"O","family":"Warimezgane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan I University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Hilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan I University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M R","family":"Mesradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan I University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6530-9108","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A","family":"Elanique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ibn Zohr University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Aguezzoumen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan I University"},{"name":"Ibn Zohr University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Saadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Marie & Louis Pasteur"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M R","family":"Abbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hassan I University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Hadaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ch\u00e2teau de la Source Avenue du Parc Floral PO Box 6749"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"jrpae8551bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-020-02204-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Toward automatic C-arm positioning for standard projections in orthopedic surgery","volume":"15","author":"Kausch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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Published on behalf of SRP by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-03-26","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-07-02","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-07-14","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}