{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:01:03Z","timestamp":1792785663730,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","award":["TCRD-TPE-115-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD-TPE-115-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rbvc675","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Radiol. Prot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pediatric patients are more sensitive to ionising radiation, making radiation protection a critical concern in dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This study aimed to assess organ and effective doses and associated radiation risk in pediatric imaging, to validate the PCXMC-20Rotation Monte Carlo code against optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs), and to evaluate dose-area product (DAP) as an indicator for effective dose (\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and risk of exposure-induced cancer death (REID). Age-specific 5 and 10 year-old head-and-neck phantoms were manufactured by three-dimensional (3D) printing and embedded with seventeen OSLDs each. The phantoms were scanned on a CS 9000 system in panoramic mode at both ages and in 3D maxillary and mandibular CBCT mode at 10 years. DAP was recorded with a VacuDAP metre and used in PCXMC-20Rotation to calculate organ doses,\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and REID. In panoramic mode, differences in\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    between PCXMC and OSLD were \u22124.7% (5 year) and \u221210.7% (10 year), and organ dose rankings were generally similar. PCXMC overestimated oral mucosa dose in 3D mandibular imaging, where total\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    was approximately 3\u20135 times higher than in panoramic mode. DAP correlated strongly with\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.971\u20130.987) and with REID (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.967\u20130.986); the highest REID (8.1 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) was predicted for 10 year-old girls undergoing 3D mandibular CBCT. PCXMC estimated\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    within \u00b115% of OSLD measurements for both panoramic and 3D modes. DAP may serve as a practical indicator of\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    and REID in pediatric CBCT. From a radiation protection perspective, the findings support the use of child-specific exposure settings and DAP monitoring as approaches to minimise unnecessary radiation exposure, particularly in female pediatric patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/ae9ed0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T22:48:15Z","timestamp":1787784495000},"page":"031532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiation dose and risk assessment in pediatric dental CBCT: DAP-based evaluation and implications for radiation protection"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8874-7405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jia-Hao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation"},{"name":"Tzu-Chi University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1846-6381","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shih-Ming","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"},{"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yen","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0424-7505","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chin-Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tzu-Chi University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"jrpae9ed0bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0592-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Estimated radiation risk of cancer from dental cone-beam computed tomography imaging in orthodontics patients","volume":"18","author":"Yeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"jrpae9ed0bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/14\/3877","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Estimating cancer risk from dental cone-beam CT exposures based on skin dosimetry","volume":"59","author":"Pauwels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. 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Published on behalf of SRP by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-06-04","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}