{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T11:27:20Z","timestamp":1786534040325,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH-RC2-DK-122379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-RC2-DK-122379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Meas. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Many experimental and clinical measurements require simultaneous acquisition from independent instruments that do not share a clock. We describe a device that enables such pairings via event-based synchronization: an electrical trigger from one instrument drives an Arduino-controlled stepper actuator that produces a brief mechanical event at a location sensed by the other instrument, leaving a fiducial marker for post-hoc temporal alignment. The motivating application is synchronization of high-resolution manometry (HRM) with transperineal ultrasound for phenotyping stress urinary incontinence. Bench characterization yielded a device latency of\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n 802.5<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \u03bc<\/mml:mtext>\n m<\/mml:mtext>\n \u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n \n 46.2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \u03bc<\/mml:mtext>\n m<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n (mean\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n SD,\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n n<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 30<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ), of which the electromechanical response of the actuator accounts for\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \u2248<\/mml:mo>\n \n \n 84<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n %<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n of the mean latency and the dominant share of the trial-to-trial variation (i.e. the SD of\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n 46.2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \u03bc<\/mml:mtext>\n m<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ). For the ultrasound\u2013HRM application, the synchronization uncertainty is\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \u2248<\/mml:mo>\n \n \n 6<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n ms<\/mml:mtext>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n (\n \n \n \n <\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n n<\/mml:mi>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 30<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n markers), set by the HRM rather than the device, whose intrinsic jitter contributes negligibly. The approach generalizes to instrument pairings in which one instrument provides a stable electrical trigger with a known relation to its recording timeline and the other is a mechanically-sensitive receiver of adequate bandwidth, provided the marker does not contaminate the signal of interest.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6501\/ae92a4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:49:12Z","timestamp":1785451752000},"page":"325903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanically-induced fiducial marker system for event-based synchronization of independent recording instruments"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5254-6705","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kourosh","family":"Kalayeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"},{"name":"University of Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1012-7713","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John O L","family":"DeLancey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"},{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1528-2787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A","family":"Ashton-Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4536-3919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J Brian","family":"Fowlkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"mstae92a4bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fneng.2014.00043","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A low-cost programmable pulse generator for physiology and behavior","volume":"7","author":"Sanders","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. 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