{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T14:13:32Z","timestamp":1778336012144,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["201306450011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201306450011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This paper describes a novel method to fabricate porous graphene oxide (PGO) from GO by exposure to oxygen plasma. Compared to other methods to fabricate PGO described so far, e.g. the thermal and steam etching methods, oxygen plasma etching method is much faster. We studied the development of the porosity with exposure time using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the development of PGO upon oxygen-plasma exposure can be controlled by tapping mode AFM scanning using a Si tip. AFM tapping stalls the growth of pores upon further plasma exposure at a level that coincides with the fraction of sp\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    carbons in the GO starting material. We suggest that AFM tapping procedure changes the bond structure of the intermediate PGO structure, and these stabilized PGO structures cannot be further etched by oxygen plasma. This constitutes the first report of tapping AFM as a tool for local mechano-chemistry.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaafc5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T14:15:10Z","timestamp":1518704110000},"page":"185301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Fast and controlled fabrication of porous graphene oxide: application of AFM tapping for mechano-chemistry"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7496-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangyong","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander V","family":"Korobko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Bus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Boshuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernst J R","family":"Sudh\u00f6lter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolaas A M","family":"Besseling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2015.02.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent development in 2D materials beyond graphene","volume":"73","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2014.271","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Two-dimensional material nanophotonics","volume":"8","author":"Xia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Photon."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201303115","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Porous graphene materials for advanced electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices","volume":"26","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2315","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Probing the catalytic activity of porous graphene oxide and the origin of this behaviour","volume":"3","author":"Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1487","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Aligned two-and three-dimensional structures by directional freezing of polymers and nanoparticles","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.1021\/ja100156d","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multifunctional porous graphene for nanoelectronics and hydrogen storage: new properties revealed by first principle calculations","volume":"132","author":"Du","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/aa680f","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Knudsen effusion through polymer-coated three-layer porous graphene membranes","volume":"28","author":"Boutilier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1021\/nn405534r","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chemically bonded TiO2\u2013bronze nanosheet\/reduced graphene oxide hybrid for high-power lithium ion batteries","volume":"8","author":"Etacheri","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8837","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b04622","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Three-dimensional hierarchical reduced graphene oxide\/tellurium nanowires: a high-performance freestanding cathode for Li\u2013Te batteries","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.6b00272","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Three-dimensional CNT\/graphene\u2013Li2S aerogel as freestanding cathode for high-performance Li\u2013S batteries","volume":"1","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtener.2017.01.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High O\/C ratio graphene oxide anode for improved cyclic performance of lithium ion batteries and the in-operando Raman investigation of its (de) lithiation","volume":"3","author":"Lv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Today Energy"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200770","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Carbon-based supercapacitors produced by activation of graphene","volume":"332","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201001126","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Porous graphene as an atmospheric nanofilter","volume":"6","author":"Blankenburg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6929","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201401061","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A graphene oxide membrane with highly selective molecular separation of aqueous organic solution","volume":"53","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4019","DOI":"10.1021\/nl9021946","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Porous graphene as the ultimate membrane for gas separation","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1236098","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Selective gas transport through few-layered graphene and graphene oxide membranes","volume":"342","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.162","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Selective molecular sieving through porous graphene","volume":"7","author":"Koenig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5477","DOI":"10.1039\/c2nr31402a","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Influence of chemical functionalization on the CO2\/N2 separation performance of porous graphene membranes","volume":"4","author":"Shan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9564","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201400273","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface-confined single-layer covalent organic framework on single-layer graphene grown on copper foil","volume":"53","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1849","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The rise of graphene","volume":"6","author":"Geim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6919","DOI":"10.1039\/b915190g","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Porous graphenes: two-dimensional polymer synthesis with atomic precision","volume":"45","author":"Bieri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4716","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5716","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A general and scalable synthesis approach to porous graphene","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3936","DOI":"10.1021\/nl300985q","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Graphene reknits its holes","volume":"12","author":"Zan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15264","DOI":"10.1021\/ja205693t","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Steam etched porous graphene oxide network for chemical sensing","volume":"133","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201000732","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Determination of the local chemical structure of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide","volume":"22","author":"Erickson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1021\/ar300047s","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Two-dimensional soft material: new faces of graphene oxide","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2011.11.010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The reduction of graphene oxide","volume":"50","author":"Pei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/24\/35\/355705","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Controlled modification of mono-and bilayer graphene in O2, H2 and CF4 plasmas","volume":"24","author":"Felten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1021\/nn9012753","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Making graphene luminescent by oxygen plasma treatment","volume":"3","author":"Gokus","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201600495","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mimicking an atomically thin \u2018vacuum spacer\u2019 to measure the hamaker constant between graphene oxide and silica","volume":"4","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1039\/B917103G","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The chemistry of graphene oxide","volume":"39","author":"Dreyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1021\/nl8034256","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Atomic and electronic structure of graphene-oxide","volume":"9","author":"Mkhoyan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8549","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.6b01341","type":"journal-article","article-title":"All-aromatic (AB) n-multiblock copolymers via simple one-step melt condensation chemistry","volume":"49","author":"Guan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1116\/1.583078","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Plasma etching of organic materials: I. Polyimide in O2\u2013CF4","volume":"3","author":"Egitto","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B"},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.760201610","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Oxygen plasma removal of thin polymer films","volume":"20","author":"Taylor","year":"1980","journal-title":"Polym. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"nanoaaafc5bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05681","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biasing reaction pathways with mechanical force","volume":"446","author":"Hickenboth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0957-4484\/29\/i=18\/a=185301?key=crossref.0ee77ce8327040cca84b4a2cb095e8dd","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaafc5\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0957-4484\/29\/i=18\/a=185301\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaafc5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaafc5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaafc5\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaafc5\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaafc5\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaafc5\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0957-4484\/29\/i=18\/a=185301\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0957-4484\/29\/i=18\/a=185301?key=crossref.0ee77ce8327040cca84b4a2cb095e8dd","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaafc5\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T13:45:24Z","timestamp":1778334324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaafc5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaafc5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4484","1361-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4484","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Fast and controlled fabrication of porous graphene oxide: application of AFM tapping for mechano-chemistry","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nanotechnology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2017-11-17","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2018-02-15","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2018-03-08","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}