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To study the accurate factors influencing the precise morphology and final performance of the prepared composites in the\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -irradiation system, we proposed a facile method to investigate the evolution of the GO structure, size and dispersion of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) produced with the addition of isopropyl alcohol to the system. The GO-Au nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction spectra, Raman spectra, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. These nanocomposites with sandwich morphology exhibited an excellent immunosensor performance with a low detection limit of 15.8 pg ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (S\/N\u00a0=\u00a03) and a wide linear range from 1 to 40 ng ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for detecting carcinoembryonic antigens. The enhanced biosensing performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -irradiation and the precise structure of GO, which endows the smaller size and more uniform distribution of AuNPs on the GO as well as the good signal amplification capability. Furthermore, adopting the\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -irradiation method and use of GO as a precursor is propitious for application in large-scale production because of its high-efficiency and high-yielding characteristics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab3e1e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T18:15:20Z","timestamp":1566584120000},"page":"495501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Microstructure evolution of sandwich graphite oxide\/interlayer-embedded Au nanoparticles induced from\n                    <i>\u03b3<\/i>\n                    -rays for carcinoembryonic antigen biosensor"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangsen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8067-5344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"nanoab3e1ebib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.07.129","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on flower-like Ag\/MoS2\/rGO nanocomposites for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen","volume":"255","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B"},{"key":"nanoab3e1ebib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2014.03.065","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Large-scale synthesis of ultrathin Au-Pt nanowires assembled on thionine\/graphene with high conductivity and sensitivity for electrochemical immunosensor","volume":"130","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochim. 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