{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T13:38:25Z","timestamp":1766237905306,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591142400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, random nanoscale rods (RNRs) with a double refractive index were fabricated via spin coating, dry etching, and sputtering, which are processes that are extensively applied in industry. With regard to optical properties, the RNRs with a double refractive index (RNRsD) exhibited a total transmittance that was &gt;90% in the visible range and an optical haze in the range of 42%\u201350% at a wavelength of 520 nm. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with RNRsD, where SiO2 was deposited on the RNRs via radiofrequency sputtering, exhibited an enhancement of 34.5% in the external quantum efficiency compared with OLEDs with the bare substrate. Furthermore, the color variation of the OLEDs with the optimal RNRsD with respect to a change in the viewing angle was improved from color coordinates of \u0394(x, y) = (0.032, 0.034) to \u0394(x, y) = (0.014, 0.014). Therefore, the proposed film can be used as a scattering layer for enhancing the light extraction and viewing angle of OLEDs by reducing the substrate mode light loss and changing the direction of light. In addition to using a low-temperature fabrication process that does not employ a photomask and a lithographic template, the proposed method is applicable to flexible devices because it uses a polymer and a thin inorganic film.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T18:15:28Z","timestamp":1588356928000},"page":"335205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Improving the optical properties of organic light-emitting diodes using random nanoscale rods with a double refractive index"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jin Ho","family":"Kwack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ha","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junhee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Younguk","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Wook","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5117-2887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byeong-Kwon","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1063\/1.98799","type":"journal-article","volume":"51","author":"Tang","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"55","author":"Geffroy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Polym. Int."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5048","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"90","author":"Adachi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Chou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"440","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2009.07.014","type":"journal-article","volume":"32","author":"Saxena","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"97","author":"Meerheim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"29","author":"Salehi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"387","author":"Mann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"28","author":"Shim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A372","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"27","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"4","author":"Koo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"91","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"20","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Technical. Adv. Mater."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"252","author":"Stellmacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"49","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Org. Electron."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3858","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4480","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"52","author":"Bertrand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Org. Electron."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A133","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"23","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"9","author":"Ang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"2","author":"Koh","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"47","author":"Go","year":"2017","journal-title":"Org. Electron."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"8","author":"Kwack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"15","author":"Do","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"15","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Org. Electron."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11748","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"25","author":"Tsougeni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Fl\u00e4mmich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Org. Electron."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6000","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"25","author":"Lixue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"21","author":"Silke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"nanoab8f4cbib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3224872","type":"journal-article","volume":"489","author":"Taijun","year":"2019","journal-title":"App. Surf. Sci."}],"container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T13:33:38Z","timestamp":1766237618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8f4c","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4484","1361-6528"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0957-4484"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1361-6528"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Improving the optical properties of organic light-emitting diodes using random nanoscale rods with a double refractive index","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nanotechnology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2020-02-27","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2020-05-01","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2020-06-03","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}