{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T13:47:06Z","timestamp":1763214426715,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21961024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21961024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004763","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018JQ05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018JQ05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004763","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science & Technology Planning Project for Applied Technology Research and Development","award":["2019GG261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GG261"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The synthesis of a sustainable material through carbon nitride (C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) chemically grafted on waste-derived carbon including carbonizing coals (PM), melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins (MUF-C-1100), and luffa cylindrical sponges (SG), respectively, and its application as sulfur cathode in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries were demonstrated. The Li-S cell assembled by the sulfur (S) cathode with component from C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    grafted coal-derived carbon (PM-CN) possesses a specific capacity of 1269.8 mA h g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 0.05 C. At 1 C, the initial specific capacity of PM cathode is only 380.0 mA h g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , comparable to the PM-CN5 cathode of 681.9 mA h g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and PM-CN10 cathode of 580.7 mA h g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively. And, PM-CN 5 cathode presents the capacity retention of 75.9% with a coulomb efficiency (C.E.) of 97.3% after 200 cycles. The MUF-CN cathode gives a specific capacity of 1335.6 mA h g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 0.05 C, and the capacity retention of 66.7% with a C. E. of 93.6% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C. The SG-CN cathode had a specific capacity of 953.9 mA h g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 0.05 C, and capacity retention of 95.1% with a C. E. of 98.2% after 125 cycles at 1 C. The remarkable improved performances were mainly ascribed to the sustainable materials as S host with micro-meso pore and C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    structure providing the strong affinity N sites to lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). This work provides an attractive approach for the preparation of sustainable materials by rational design of grafting C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    to waste-derived carbons with functions as S cathode materials for high-performance Li-S batteries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/abf000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T18:30:22Z","timestamp":1616092222000},"page":"315403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Carbon nitride grafted waste-derived carbon as sustainable materials for lithium\u2013sulfur batteries"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongda","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanji","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daotong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tunan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quanli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6527-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinghai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"nanoabf000bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2018.03.149","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Facile fabrication of permselective g-C3N4 separator for improved lithium\u2013sulfur batteries","volume":"272","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601630","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201601630","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A comprehensive approach toward stable lithium\u2013sulfur batteries with high volumetric energy density","volume":"7","author":"Pang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b03217","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advanced sulfur cathode enabled by highly crumpled nitrogen-doped graphene sheets for high-energy-density lithium\u2013sulfur batteries","volume":"16","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702839","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201702839","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microemulsion assisted assembly of 3d porous s\/graphene@g-C3N4 hybrid sponge as free-standing cathodes for high energy density Li\u2013S batteries","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16108","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b04578","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The effective design of polysulfides trapped separator at the molecular level for high-energy-density Li\u2013S batteries","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11203","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11203","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Balancing surface adsorption and diffusion of lithium-polysulfides on nonconductive oxides for lithium\u2013sulfur battery design","volume":"7","author":"Tao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602543","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201602543","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A high-efficiency sulfur\/carbon composite based on 3d graphene nano sheet@carbon nanotube matrix as cathode for lithium\u2013sulfur battery","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2015.12.022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A novel separator coated by carbon for achieving exceptional high performance lithium\u2013sulfur batteries","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5285","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201502251","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Functional mesoporous carbon-coated separator for long-life, high-energy lithium\u2013sulfur batteries","volume":"25","author":"Balach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500738","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201500738","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrochemically stable rechargeable lithium\u2013sulfur batteries with a microporous carbon nanofiber filter for polysulfide","volume":"5","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301761","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201301761","type":"journal-article","article-title":"3D hyperbranched hollow carbon nanorod architectures for high-performance lithium\u2013sulfur batteries","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504241","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A cable-shaped lithium sulfur battery","volume":"28","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601195","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201601195","type":"journal-article","article-title":"From silica sphere to hollow carbon nitride-based sphere: rational design of sulfur host with both chemisorption and physical confinement","volume":"4","author":"Meng","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7133","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA00529J","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nanopore confined g-C3N4 nanodots in, S co-doped hollow porous carbon with boosted capacity for lithium\u2013sulfur batteries","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2017.10.095","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A combined theoretical and experimental study on the oxygenated graphitic carbon nitride as a promising sulfur host for lithium\u2013sulfur batteries","volume":"373","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.200700161","type":"journal-article","article-title":"From biomass to a renewable Li x C6O6 organic electrode for sustainable Li-ion batteries","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2017.05.088","type":"journal-article","article-title":"CO2 capture in lignin-derived and nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon","volume":"121","author":"Saha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2016.01.020","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hierarchically porous and heteroatom doped carbon derived from tobacco rods for supercapacitors","volume":"307","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12650","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b07116","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nitrogen-deficient graphitic carbon nitride with enhanced performance for lithium ion battery anodes","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2019.05.022","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Boosting Li\u2013S battery by rational design of freestanding cathode with enriched anchoring and catalytic n-sites carbonaceous host","volume":"150","author":"Bian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5137","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b01919","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A graphene-like oxygenated carbon nitride material for improved cycle-life lithium\/sulfur batteries","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4111","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b07347","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Long-life and high-areal-capacity Li\u2013S batteries enabled by a light-weight polar host with intrinsic polysulfide adsorption","volume":"10","author":"Pang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2017.10.032","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Three-dimensional porous C3N4 nano sheets@reduced graphene oxide network as sulfur hosts for high performance lithium\u2013sulfur batteries","volume":"256","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2017.03.013","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Facile fabrication of a novel 3D graphene framework\/Bi nanoparticle film for ultrasensitive electrochemical assays of heavy metal ions","volume":"968","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5359","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201400935","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A lithium\u2013sulfur battery with a high areal energy density","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1910533","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201910533","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Flexible electrocatalytic nanofiber membrane reactor for lithium\/sulfur conversion chemistry","volume":"30","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s40843-019-9430-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Porous honeycomb-like C3N4 \/rGo composite as host for high performance Li\u2013S batteries","volume":"62","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. China Mater."},{"key":"nanoabf000bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2017.10.032","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Three-dimensional porous C3N4 graphene oxide network as sulfur hosts for high performance lithium\u2013sulfur batteries","volume":"256","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"nanoabf000bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10666","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TA03533G","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Active Fe2O3 nanoparticles encapsulated in porous g-C3N4\/graphene sandwich-type nanosheets as superior anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries","volume":"4","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"}],"container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/abf000","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/abf000\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/abf000","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/abf000\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/abf000\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/abf000\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/abf000\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/abf000\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T13:43:26Z","timestamp":1763214206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/abf000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/abf000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4484","1361-6528"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0957-4484"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1361-6528"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Carbon nitride grafted waste-derived carbon as sustainable materials for lithium\u2013sulfur batteries","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nanotechnology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2020-12-31","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2021-03-18","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2021-05-12","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}