{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T20:47:59Z","timestamp":1770497279078,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/page\/copyright"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu","award":["2209-B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2209-B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Ketoconazole (KTZ), an antifungal agent used to treat localized or systemic fungal infections by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, exhibits restricted efficacy within eukaryotic cells owing to its elevated toxicity and limited solubility in water. This study aims to improve the biological activity and overcome cytotoxic effects in the renal system of the hydrophobic KTZ by incorporating it into poly(lactic-<jats:italic>co<\/jats:italic>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing biomaterial nano-engineering techniques. KTZ-loaded PLGA NPs (KTZ-NPs) were prepared by single emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning light microscopy (SEM). Particle size and zeta potential of KTZ-NPs were determined as 182.0 \u00b1 3.27 nm and \u221227.4 \u00b1 0.56 mV, respectively. Antifungal activity was analyzed with the time-kill and top agar dilution methods on <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic>). Both KTZ and KTZ-NPs caused a significant decrease in <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic> cell growth; however, the same effect was only observed in time-killing analysis on <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>, indicating a methodological difference in the antifungal analysis. According to the top agar method, the MIC value of KTZ-NPs against <jats:italic>A. flavus<\/jats:italic> was 9.1 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, while the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of KTZ was 18.2 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The twofold increased antifungal activity indicates that nanoparticular drug delivery systems enhance the water solubility of hydrophobic drugs. In addition, KTZ-NPs were not cytotoxic on human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpCs) at fungistatic concentration, thus reducing fungal colonization without cytotoxic on renal excretion system cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad1444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T22:47:14Z","timestamp":1702334834000},"page":"115702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ketoconazole-loading strategy to improve antifungal activity and overcome cytotoxicity on human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Irem","family":"Coksu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yagmur","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilkgul","family":"Akmayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Demirci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6858-7045","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tulin","family":"Ozbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6662-6642","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Serap","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"nanoad1444bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.29005\/IJCP.2022.14.1.48-51","article-title":"Antifungal sensitivity testing of aspergillus species isolated from recurrent canine skin infection","volume":"14","author":"Ralte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Canine Pract. Vol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-022-00698-7","article-title":"In vitro combination of terbinafine with ketoconazole against aspergillus species with terbinafine high mic values isolated from otomycosis","volume":"188","author":"Nosratabadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00149147","article-title":"Ketoconazole: a new imidazole antifungal agent has both prophylactic potential and therapeutic efficacy in keratomycosis of rabbits","volume":"5","author":"Oji","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02976696","article-title":"Anti-aspergillus activities of plant essential oils and their combination effects with ketoconazole or amphotericin B","volume":"26","author":"Shin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.2003.01271.x","article-title":"Antifungal activity of the essential oil of agastache rugosa kuntze and its synergism with ketoconazole","volume":"36","author":"Shin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib6","article-title":"Role of Candida infection in the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of observational studies","volume":"4","author":"Shukla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Res. Oral Oncol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7030178","article-title":"T2Candida for the diagnosis and management of invasive candida infections","volume":"7","author":"Monday","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202200385","article-title":"Piperazine-modified ketoconazole derivatives show increased activity against fungal and trypanosomatid pathogens","volume":"17","author":"\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Med. Chem."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2019.04.010","article-title":"Emerging and reemerging fungal infections","author":"Lockhart","year":"2019"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S93105","article-title":"Fungal diseases: could nanostructured drug delivery systems be a novel paradigm for therapy?","volume":"11","author":"Voltan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2018.07.007","article-title":"Enhanced antifungal activity of ketoconazole using rose oil based novel microemulsion formulation","volume":"47","author":"Tiwari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2020.104953","article-title":"Amelioration of ketoconazole in lipid nanoparticles for enhanced antifungal activity and bioavailability through oral administration for management of fungal infections","volume":"232","author":"Dudhipala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib13","first-page":"95","article-title":"Development and validation of UV spectroscopic method for determination of ketoconazole in pharmaceutical formulations","volume":"4","author":"Popovska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib14","first-page":"792","article-title":"Validation of novel UV Spectrophotometric method for the determination of ketoconazole in pharmaceutical formulation","volume":"3","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharmaceutical Adv. Res."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S131850","article-title":"A potential in situ gel formulation loaded with novel fabricated poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for enhancing and sustaining the ophthalmic delivery of ketoconazole","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1080\/15376516.2021.1941461","article-title":"Studying the ophthalmic toxicity potential of developed ketoconazole loaded nanoemulsion in situ gel formulation for ophthalmic administration","volume":"31","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.24246\/ijpna.v1i3.138-144","article-title":"Biological safety evaluation of 99mtc-dtpa-ketoconazole for diagnosis of fungal infection","volume":"1","author":"Sriyani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indonesian J. Phys. Nucl. Appl."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)51922-9","article-title":"Ketoconazole therapy for fungal urinary tract infections","volume":"129","author":"Graybill","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S201124","article-title":"A novel mechanism of action of ketoconazole: inhibition of the NorA efflux pump system and biofilm formation in multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus","volume":"12","author":"Abd El-Baky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infection Drug Resis."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12745","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic interaction between the CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole and the hormone drospirenone in combination with ethinylestradiol or estradiol","volume":"80","author":"Wiesinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib21","first-page":"160","article-title":"Solubility enhancement of ketoconazole via salt and cocrystal formation","volume":"7","author":"Hiendrawan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib22","first-page":"1411","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of nanostructured particles of salt of ketoconazole for solubility enhancement","volume":"6","author":"Hosmani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Digest. J. Nanomat. Biostruct."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2478\/acph-2018-0025","article-title":"Enhancement of ketoconazole dissolution rate by the liquisolid technique","volume":"68","author":"Molaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pharmaceutica"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib24","first-page":"67","article-title":"Effect of polymer-based nanoparticles on the assay of antimicrobial drug delivery systems","author":"Gumustas","year":"2017"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.12.058","article-title":"A comprehensive study on antidiabetic and antibacterial activities of ZnO nanoparticles biosynthesized using Silybum marianum L seed extract","volume":"97","author":"Arvanag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopr.2013.04.019","article-title":"Study of antimicrobial activity of anethole and carvone loaded PLGA nanoparticles","volume":"7","author":"Esfandyari-Manesh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharmacy Res."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib27","first-page":"107","article-title":"Polymeric nanoparticles","volume":"31","author":"Derman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sigma J. Eng. Nat. Sci."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2174\/2213988501711010019","article-title":"Development and application of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells for assessment of compound toxicity","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Chem. Genomics Transl. Med."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ib40049b","article-title":"Human kidney proximal tubule-on-a-chip for drug transport and nephrotoxicity assessment","volume":"5","author":"Jang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Integr. Biol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2021.01.028","article-title":"Implementation of a human renal proximal tubule on a chip for nephrotoxicity and drug interaction studies","volume":"110","author":"Vormann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.108805","article-title":"Review of hybrid PLGA nanoparticles: future of smart drug delivery and theranostics medicine","volume":"193","author":"Ghitman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/341848","article-title":"Caffeic acid phenethyl ester loaded PLGA nanoparticles: effect of various process parameters on reaction yield, encapsulation efficiency, and particle size","volume":"2015","author":"Derman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6196","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b01622","article-title":"Assessment of the antigenotoxic activity of poly (d, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles loaded with caffeic acid phenethyl ester using the Ames Salmonella\/microsome assay","volume":"66","author":"Araso\u011flu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2478\/aiht-2020-71-3344","article-title":"Cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of juglone: a comparison of free and nano-encapsulated form","volume":"71","author":"Erisen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives Indust. Hygiene Toxicol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111351","article-title":"Co-regulative effects of chitosan-fennel seed extract system on the hormonal and biochemical factors involved in the polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"117","author":"Bayrami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1515\/tjb-2015-0014","article-title":"Particle size and zeta potential investigation of synthetic peptide-protein conjugates\/Sentetik peptid-protein konjugatlar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7ac\u0131k boyutu ve zeta potensiyel analizi","volume":"40","author":"Derman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turkish J. Biochem."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2478\/aiht-2023-74-3684","article-title":"A new strategy to achieve high antimicrobial activity: green synthesised silver nanoparticle formulations with and","volume":"74","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Archives Indust. Hygiene Toxicol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(19)62613-4","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of atrazine-loaded biodegradable PLGA nanospheres","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Integrative Agric."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib39","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of antibacterial activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and PLGA nanoparticle formulation by different methods","volume":"27","author":"Arasoglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7087","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b03309","article-title":"Enhancement of antifungal activity of juglone (5-Hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone) using a poly (d, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) nanoparticle system","volume":"64","author":"Arasoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib41","author":"E-13a","year":"2013"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib42","article-title":"Biological evaluation of medical devices: V. Tests for cytotoxicity in vitro","author":"ISO-Standards, ISO 10993-5: 2009 (E)","year":"2009"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2019.101206","article-title":"Doxorubicin-verapamil dual loaded PLGA nanoparticles for overcoming P-glycoprotein mediated resistance in cancer: effect of verapamil concentration","volume":"53","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(02)00127-X","article-title":"Residual polyvinyl alcohol associated with poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles affects their physical properties and cellular uptake","volume":"82","author":"Sahoo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-020-01836-4","article-title":"Nanodelivery of resveratrol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for age-related macular degeneration","volume":"21","author":"Bhatt","year":"2020","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1515\/epoly-2019-0018","article-title":"Waterborne poly (urethane-urea) s films as a sustained release system for ketoconazole","volume":"19","author":"Vieira","year":"2019","journal-title":"e-Polymers"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-014-3661-2","article-title":"Thermal, spectroscopic, and dissolution studies of ketoconazole\u2013Pluronic F127 system","volume":"115","author":"Karolewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.101574","article-title":"Ketoconazole-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and their synergism against candida albicans when combined with silver nanoparticles","volume":"56","author":"Sadozai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13601","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of juglone encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles","volume":"123","author":"Arasoglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib50","first-page":"95","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro activity against candida spp. of fluconazole encapsulated on cationic and conventional nanoparticles of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid). nanotechnology","volume":"10","author":"G\u00f3mez-Sequeda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Appl."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-021-00210-z","article-title":"Antifungal and antibiofilm efficacy of cinnamaldehyde-loaded poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) nanoparticles against candida albicans","volume":"25","author":"Gursu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Microbiol."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.10.009","article-title":"Voriconazole into PLGA nanoparticles: improving agglomeration and antifungal efficacy","volume":"352","author":"Peng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.11.35","article-title":"Size dependency of PLGA-nanoparticle uptake and antifungal activity against aspergillus flavus","volume":"6","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib54","first-page":"995","article-title":"Alterations in cell nuclei during apoptosis","volume":"7","author":"Rogali\u0144ska","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4256","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174256","article-title":"An FDA-approved antifungal, ketoconazole, and its novel derivative suppress tGLI1-mediated breast cancer brain metastasis by inhibiting the DNA-binding activity of brain metastasis-promoting transcription factor tGLI1","volume":"14","author":"Doheny","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6973","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.0c01014","article-title":"Ketoconazole: solving the poor solubility via cocrystal formation with phenolic acids","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2022.105674","article-title":"Experimental study of ketoconazole impregnation into polyvinyl pyrrolidone and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose using supercritical carbon dioxide: process optimization","volume":"188","author":"Fathi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Supercrit.ical Fluids"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.17-0048","article-title":"Effects of ketoconazole on cyclophosphamide metabolism: evaluation of CYP3A4 inhibition effect using the in vitro and in vivo models","volume":"67","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Animals"},{"key":"nanoad1444bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.31.12.1874","article-title":"Pharmacology and toxicity of high-dose ketoconazole","volume":"31","author":"Sugar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"nanoad1444bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1573309","article-title":"Topical ketoconazole: a systematic review of current dermatological applications and future developments","volume":"30","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."}],"container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad1444","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad1444\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad1444","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad1444\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad1444\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad1444\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad1444\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad1444\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T15:13:19Z","timestamp":1749913999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad1444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad1444","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4484","1361-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4484","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Ketoconazole-loading strategy to improve antifungal activity and overcome cytotoxicity on human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nanotechnology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2023-07-25","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-12-10","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-12-27","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}