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Early diagnosis remains pivotal for effective epidemiological surveillance despite the availability of vaccines. Antigen-based assays are advantageous for early COVID-19 detection due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for point-of-care testing (PoCT). This study introduces a graphene field-effect transistor-based biosensor designed for high sensitivity and rapid response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. By functionalizing graphene with monoclonal antibodies and applying short-duration gate voltage pulses, we achieve selective detection of the viral spike protein in human serum within 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>s and at concentrations as low as 1\u2009fg\u2009ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, equivalent to 8 antigen molecules per <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>l of blood. Furthermore, the biosensor estimates spike protein concentrations in serum from COVID-19 patients. Our platform demonstrates potential for next-generation PoCT antigen assays, promising fast and sensitive diagnostics for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad67e8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T12:24:03Z","timestamp":1722255843000},"page":"425503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ultrafast and highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by field-effect transistor graphene-based biosensors"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8838-3648","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thiago A S L","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7821-5111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie B F","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5415-0344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabr\u00edcio A","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7241-1074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscilla S","family":"Filgueiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6560-7458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila A","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila M S","family":"Lacerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais G","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4565-8186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafaella F Q","family":"Grenfell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5304-5419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio","family":"Plentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"nanoad67e8bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Engl. 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