{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:06:52Z","timestamp":1787008012979,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/page\/copyright"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62175266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62175266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), a promising second-generation photosensitizer, suffers from decreased quantum yield of singlet oxygen due to poor water solubility and prone-to-aggregation nature in both physiological environment and solid matrix. To address this issue, in this work we reported a simple ligand-assisted reprecipitation method to prepare aggregation-free ZnPc-doped nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically, a short-chain ligand hexylamine was introduced to coordinate with ZnPc during reprecipitation, so that to alleviate ZnPc aggregation in the polymeric nanomatrix. As a consequence, the as-prepared ZnPc-loaded NPs with an optimal loading content of 4 wt.% acquired a high singlet oxygen quantum yield (\u03a6\n                    <jats:sub>\u0394<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of 0.5, which was comparable to that of ZnPc monomer (\u03a6\n                    <jats:sub>\u0394<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.55). Moreover, 10 wt.% ZnPc-loaded NPs could still retain a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.38. Taking advantage of the aggregation-free nano-photosensitizers (NPSs), efficient photodynamic therapy effect was achieved on HeLa cells upon 660 nm photo-irradiation with an ultra-low light dose (1.8 J cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). This study not only presented a high efficient ZnPc-based NPS, but also proposed a new strategy to reduce the aggregation of metal complex in solid matrix through ligand coordination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/adb437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T17:48:19Z","timestamp":1739209699000},"page":"13LT01","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Preparation of aggregation-free ZnPc-doped nanophotosensitizers for highly efficient photodynamic therapy"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2194-7228","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yafei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyang","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinglei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4906-3809","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0634-3867","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong-Shang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"nanoadb437bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119827","article-title":"Advances in nanomaterials for photodynamic therapy applications: status and challenges","volume":"237","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201900132","article-title":"Photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy","volume":"8","author":"Lan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7004","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201900830","article-title":"Generation of the thymine triplet state by through\u2010bond energy transfer","volume":"25","author":"Miro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201700113","article-title":"Controllable photodynamic therapy implemented by regulating singlet oxygen efficiency","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2019.105575","article-title":"Zinc (II) phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for antitumor photodynamic therapy","volume":"114","author":"Roguin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1693(98)00137-6","article-title":"Photophysical properties of porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and benzochlorins","volume":"279","author":"Owens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Inorganica Chim. Acta"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-008-0172-2","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of cancer. Basic principles and applications","volume":"10","author":"Juarranz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10278","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CP04372F","article-title":"Effects of aggregation on the structures and excited-state absorption for zinc phthalocyanine","volume":"25","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2018.05.090","article-title":"Photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic therapy activity of highly water-soluble Zn (II) phthalocyanines","volume":"203","author":"Oluwole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43903","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA07847K","article-title":"Nanoassembly of an amphiphilic cyclodextrin and Zn (II)-phthalocyanine with the potential for photodynamic therapy of cancer","volume":"4","author":"Conte","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00129H","article-title":"The unique features and promises of phthalocyanines as advanced photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy of cancer","volume":"49","author":"Lo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4482","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TB00307A","article-title":"Synthesis and optimization of ZnPc-loaded biocompatible nanoparticles for efficient photodynamic therapy","volume":"4","author":"Ping","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad726b","article-title":"Micelles of poly [oligo (ethylene glycol) methacrylate] as delivery vehicles for zinc phthalocyanine photosensitizers","volume":"35","author":"Kara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1002\/cnma.202100312","article-title":"Facile synthesis of ZnPc\u2010polydopamine Co\u2010loaded nanoparticles for synergetic photodynamic\u2010photothermal therapy","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemNanoMat"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.07.025","article-title":"Multifunctional ZnPc-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhancement of photodynamic therapy efficacy by endolysosomal escape","volume":"33","author":"Tu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad4246","article-title":"Double-layer hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles for ultrasound-guided photodynamic treatment","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8998","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b03507","article-title":"Regulating near-infrared photodynamic properties of semiconducting polymer nanotheranostics for optimized cancer therapy","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1039\/D2PY01297A","article-title":"Poly (oxanorbornene) s bearing triphenylphosphonium and PEGylated zinc (ii) phthalocyanine with boosted photobiological activity and singlet oxygen generation","volume":"14","author":"Ahmetali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poly.2019.114157","article-title":"The photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic therapy activity of phenyldiazenyl phenoxy substituted phthalocyanines when incorporated into Pluronic\u00ae F127 micelles","volume":"174","author":"Motloung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polyhedron"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.01.068","article-title":"An upconversion nanoparticle\u2013zinc phthalocyanine based nanophotosensitizer for photodynamic therapy","volume":"35","author":"Xia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45633","article-title":"Precise photodynamic therapy of cancer via subcellular dynamic tracing of dual-loaded upconversion nanophotosensitizers","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2024.112923","article-title":"Enhancing antitumor efficacy of NIR-I region zinc phthalocyanine@upconversion nanoparticle through lysosomal escape and mitochondria targeting","volume":"255","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2019.02.086","article-title":"Theoretical and experimental studies concerning monomer\/aggregates equilibrium of zinc phthalocyanine for future photodynamic action","volume":"214","author":"Calori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.12.007","article-title":"Self-assembled zinc phthalocyanine nanoparticles as excellent photothermal\/photodynamic synergistic agent for antitumor treatment","volume":"361","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200900692","article-title":"Mesoporous\u2010silica\u2010coated up\u2010conversion fluorescent nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy","volume":"5","author":"Qian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.202200414","article-title":"Emerging trends of J\u2010aggregate formation within polymeric nanoassemblies","volume":"224","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Macromol. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.08.042","article-title":"Shifting the absorption to the near-infrared region and inducing a strong photothermal effect by encapsulating zinc (II) phthalocyanine in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles","volume":"116","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-021-00616-4","article-title":"Targeting hypoxic tumors with hybrid nanobullets for oxygen-independent synergistic photothermal and thermodynamic therapy","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5230","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c00684","article-title":"Facile preparation of phthalocyanine-based nanodots for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal cancer therapy in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2003.10.024","article-title":"Effects of substituents and solvents on the photochemical properties of zinc phthalocyanine complexes and their protonated derivatives","volume":"689","author":"Ogunsipe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15170","DOI":"10.1039\/C6DT01929C","article-title":"Monomer zinc phthalocyanine\/upconversion nanoparticle coated with hyaluronic acid crosslinked gel as NIR light-activated drug for in vitro photodynamic therapy","volume":"45","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39390-0","article-title":"Effectiveness of ZnPc and of an amine derivative to inactivate glioblastoma cells by photodynamic therapy: an in vitro comparative study","volume":"9","author":"Velazquez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"nanoadb437bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15883","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR05402E","article-title":"Phthalocyanine-based coordination polymer nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"nanoadb437bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1409(199803\/04)2:2<145::AID-JPP60>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Singlet oxygen quantum yields of different photosensitizers in polar solvents and micellar solutions","volume":"2","author":"Spiller","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines"}],"container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/adb437","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/adb437\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/adb437","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/adb437\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/adb437\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/adb437\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/adb437\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/adb437\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:27:38Z","timestamp":1739838458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/adb437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/adb437","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ADB437\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ADB437\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ADB437\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ADB437\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ADB437\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ADB437\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ADB437\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0957-4484","1361-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4484","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Preparation of aggregation-free ZnPc-doped nanophotosensitizers for highly efficient photodynamic therapy","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nanotechnology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2024-11-29","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-02-10","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-02-18","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}