{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:11:18Z","timestamp":1788797478766,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health issue, and the existing diagnostic tests have shortcomings that cause delays in initiating treatment. In this study, we designed a <jats:italic>Gene-pimB<\/jats:italic>-based biosensor for the determination of TB and tested it using an electrochemical technique. The <jats:italic>Gene-pimB<\/jats:italic> has been reported to be upregulated in mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (manLAM) in multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Due to its link with drug resistance, <jats:italic>Gene-pimB<\/jats:italic> holds promise as a biomarker for identifying MDR-TB strains. In this work, the biosensor is fabricated using graphite-zinc oxide nanofibers (GPH-ZnO NFs), which are generated using electrospinning and deposited on glassy carbon electrodes. The GPH\u2013ZnO functionalized electrode were further functionalized with MSA\/EDC\/NHS protocol to provide efficient immobilization which enable the effective binding of pimB-sequences to the nanofibers on the electrodes. In addition, the <jats:italic>Gene-pimB<\/jats:italic> hybridization on biosensors immobilized with <jats:italic>Gene-pimB<\/jats:italic> probe sequences was quantified using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The experimental tests revealed that the limit of detection (LoD) for CV is 0.1482 pM ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, for DPV it is 0.196 pM ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, and for EIS it is 0.302 pM ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Our findings suggest that <jats:italic>Gene-pimB<\/jats:italic> may prove to be a useful technique in the creation of novel tests for TB prognosis. The efficacy of the developed biosensor was confirmed by a hybridization sensing assay including targeted short oligonucleotide sequences (probe) and <jats:italic>Gene-pimB<\/jats:italic> (target) isolated from the urine sample. To assess its potential for clinical detection, urine samples were artificially spiked with the gene to simulate conditions encountered in clinical diagnostics. This approach allows for evaluating the feasibility of detecting <jats:italic>Gene-pimB<\/jats:italic> in a non-invasive manner, which could aid in the early identification of drug-resistant TB cases and improve diagnostic strategies for effective disease management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae0b79","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T22:48:16Z","timestamp":1758840496000},"page":"415501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Label-free electrochemical-based biosensor for gene-phosphatidylinositol mannosides detection in urine for the determination of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2036-463X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dinesh R","family":"Rotake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5382-3508","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jitendra B","family":"Zalke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpita","family":"Parakh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubham C","family":"Anjankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7319-879X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shiv Govind","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjana","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"nanoae0b79bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00504-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Dheda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09079-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Global prevalence and burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis from 1990 to 2019","volume":"24","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmicr.2024.100295","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impacts of MDR\/XDR-TB on the global tuberculosis epidemic: challenges and opportunities","volume":"7","author":"Chin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Microb. Sci."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2020.126674","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Human tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: a review on genetic diversity, pathogenesis and omics approaches in host biomarkers discovery","volume":"246","author":"Kanabalan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00299","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis primary infection and dissemination: a critical role for alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"Ryndak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-024-01247-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Further analysis of tuberculosis in eight high-burden countries based on the global burden of disease study 2021 data","volume":"13","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Poverty"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed5030123","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis control: an overview","volume":"5","author":"Alene","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.20.0539","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the detection of TB in Shanghai, China","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2021-217529","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tuberculosis in times of COVID-19","volume":"76","author":"Zimmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIC3S61846.2024.10603002","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Tuberculosis volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection using multi-walled carbon nanotube-zinc oxide (MWCNT-ZnO) nanofiber: a chemiresistive biosensor","author":"Rotake","year":"2024"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110796","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantification of isoniazid in tablets for tuberculosis treatment by thin layer chromatography with smartphone image capture and ImageJ analysis","volume":"202","author":"Sowers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.03.017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent advances in research on Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors and their role in pathogenesis","volume":"58","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12060839","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as modulators of cell death mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Ramon-Luing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017871","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection: table 1","volume":"5","author":"Bruchfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11040853","type":"journal-article","article-title":"HIV\/Mtb co-infection: from the amplification of disease pathogenesis to an \u2018emerging syndemic,\u2019","volume":"11","author":"Azevedo-Pereira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2019.03.089","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Nanoparticle-assisted optical sensor for clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis","volume":"147","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.11.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Structural basis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides biosynthesis in mycobacteria","volume":"1862","author":"Sancho-Vaello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta\u2014Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31625","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.44.31625","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The pimB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes a mannosyltransferase involved in lipoarabinomannan biosynthesis","volume":"274","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00276.x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Lipoarabinomannan and related glycoconjugates: structure, biogenesis and role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis physiology and host\u2013pathogen interaction","volume":"35","author":"Mishra","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33577","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R110.168328","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Molecular basis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannoside biosynthesis and regulation in mycobacteria","volume":"285","author":"Guerin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)83963-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Structural studies on the myo-inositol phospholipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (var. bovis, strain BCG)","volume":"238","author":"Ballou","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.2.456-461.1996","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Identification of the surface-exposed lipids on the cell envelopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species","volume":"178","author":"Ortalo-Magn\u00e9","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00439-200","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The phosphatidyl- myo -inositol dimannoside acyltransferase PatA Is essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in vitro and in vivo","volume":"203","author":"Boldrin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2023.102340","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evolution of tuberculosis diagnostics: from molecular strategies to nanodiagnostics","volume":"140","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.11.021","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advances in the molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis: from probes to genomes","volume":"72","author":"Machado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.9.2427-2431.1992","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare directly from primary BACTEC cultures by using acridinium-ester-labeled DNA probes","volume":"30","author":"Evans","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-62","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A commercial line probe assay for the rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Morgan","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1229-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Performance evaluation of three commercial molecular assays for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical specimens in a high TB-HIV-burden setting","volume":"15","author":"Matabane","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02602","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02602-21","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluation of aptamer fluorescence microscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1358261","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid and accurate identification and differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria using PCR kits available in a high-burden setting","volume":"12","author":"Castro-Rodriguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Public Health Front."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2004.01.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microarrays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"84","author":"Butcher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12302","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evaluation of two commercial nucleic acid amplification kits for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in saliva samples","volume":"21","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Mediero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.12701\/yujm.2020.00626","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"37","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Yeungnam Univ. J. Med."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.11.84","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Xpert \u00ae MTB\/RIF assay: development, evaluation and implementation of a new rapid molecular diagnostic for tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance","volume":"6","author":"Lawn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1358261","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Pioneering sensing technologies using borophene\u2010based composite\/hybrid electrochemical biosensors for health monitoring: a perspective","volume":"4","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Sens."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-024-06780-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cost-effective chemiresistive biosensor with MWCNT-ZnO nanofibers for early detection of tuberculosis (TB) lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen","volume":"191","author":"Rotake","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mikrochim. Acta"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/IATMSI60426.2024.10502990","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Insilico design of piRNA probes for Alzheimer and its detection using chemiresistive interdigited electrode functionalized with polyaniline (PANI)","author":"Bhute","year":"2024"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsr.202400132","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Point\u2010of\u2010care health diagnostics and food quality monitoring by molecularly imprinted polymers\u2010based histamine sensors","volume":"4","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sensor Res."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1402-4896\/acfc7f","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Exploring the physical properties of quaternary fluoro-elpasolites A 2 NaInF 6 (A = Cs,Rb)compounds for prospective technological applications","volume":"98","author":"Khawar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Scr."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16072770","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrochemical sensing of H2O2 by employing a flexible Fe3O4\/graphene\/carbon cloth as working electrode","volume":"16","author":"Sobahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2025.344092","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A novel chemiresistive biosensor utilizing green-synthesized AgNPs and MWCNT-ZnO nanofibers for rapid detection of tuberculosis Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen","volume":"1358","author":"Rotake","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202101193","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid and label\u2010free detection of 5\u2010hydroxymethylcytosine in Genomic DNA Using an Au\/ZnO nanorods hybrid nanostructure\u2010based electrochemical sensor","volume":"10","author":"Sideeq Bhat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4434","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.3c03763","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electronic tongue based on ZnO\/ITO@glass for electrochemical monitoring of spiciness levels","volume":"40","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5826","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB00569J","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent advances in ZnO nanostructure-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors","volume":"8","author":"Beitollahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.04.028","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reduced graphene oxide-ZnO nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for sensitive and selective monitoring of 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine","volume":"185","author":"Hao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.03.036","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Flower-like ZnO nanostructure based electrochemical DNA biosensor for bacterial meningitis detection","volume":"59","author":"Tak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1402-4896\/acd7b0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrochemical detection of nitrazepam using leaf-like graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets","volume":"98","author":"Imran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Scr."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.01.235","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Influence of EDC\/NHS coupling chemistry on stability and cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles modified with proteins","volume":"403","author":"Kele\u015ftemur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.029","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Crosslinkers for polysaccharides and proteins: synthesis conditions, mechanisms, and crosslinking efficiency, a review","volume":"202","author":"Alavarse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/CISCT57197.2023.10351239","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Diagnostic probes designed for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis\u2014an insilico approach","author":"Rotake","year":"2023"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37489","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c10420","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Superior NO2 sensing of MOF-derived indium-doped ZnO porous hollow cages","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2022.116350","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultraselective, ultrasensitive, point-of-care electrochemical sensor for detection of Hg(II) ions with electrospun-InZnO nanofibers","volume":"915","author":"Rotake","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-023-05865-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrochemical nano\u2010biosensor based on electrospun indium zinc oxide nanofibers for the determination of complement component 3 protein","volume":"190","author":"Rotake","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mikrochim. Acta"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-015-3793-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Photoelectrochemical degradation of eosin yellowish dye on exfoliated graphite\u2013ZnO nanocomposite electrode","volume":"27","author":"Ntsendwana","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci., Mater. Electron."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109611","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hybridizing Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles with graphite as potential photocatalysts for enhanced removal of metronidazole antibiotic from water","volume":"252","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6110","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b01327","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Origins of sp 3 C peaks in C 1s x-ray photoelectron spectra of carbon materials","volume":"88","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib57","article-title":"XPS chemical shift and valence","author":"EAG Laboratory","type":"other"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib58","article-title":"Carbon\u2014XPS analysis","author":"Morgan","year":"2013","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5468","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.3c00801","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Interpretation of oxygen 1s x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of ZnO","volume":"35","author":"Frankcombe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.9.035601","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Origin of C(1s) binding energy shifts in amorphous carbon materials","volume":"9","author":"Walter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2019.100591","type":"journal-article","article-title":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: towards reliable binding energy referencing","volume":"107","author":"Greczynski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2022.06.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Formation of cesium carbonate in ion-implanted graphite, examined with dual-source x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations and thermodynamic modelling","volume":"197","author":"Theodosiou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbon N Y"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-024-01816-w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A cell-free biosensor signal amplification circuit with polymerase strand recycling","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c02469","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Signal amplification in electrochemical DNA biosensors using target-capturing DNA origami tiles","volume":"8","author":"Williamson","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snr.2024.100268","type":"journal-article","article-title":"State-of-the-art signal amplification strategies for nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid biosensors","volume":"9","author":"Gul","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators Rep."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2008.06.067","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance effects of surface probe density on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)\/peptide nucleic acid (PNA) hybridization","volume":"516","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2010.03.017","type":"journal-article","article-title":"An electrostatic model for DNA surface hybridization","volume":"98","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25493-7","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of electrostatic repulsion on increasing surface activity of anionic surfactants in the presence of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles","volume":"8","author":"Vatanparast","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-018-3081-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dual-aptamer-based voltammetric biosensor for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen MPT64 by using a gold electrode modified with a peroxidase loaded composite consisting of gold nanoparticles and a Zr(IV)\/terephthalate metal-organic framework","volume":"185","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mikrochim. Acta"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5181","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TB01604F","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reduced graphene oxide nanoribbon immobilized gold nanoparticle based electrochemical DNA biosensor for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"6","author":"Mogha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2020.107458","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Zinc oxide-gold nanocomposite as a proper platform for label-free DNA biosensor","volume":"133","author":"Hatami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.10.045","type":"journal-article","article-title":"PNA biosensor based on reduced graphene oxide\/water soluble quantum dots for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"241","author":"Mat Zaid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.06.043","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis IS6110 fragment using gold nanoparticles decorated fullerene nanoparticles\/nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheet as signal tags","volume":"1080","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.11.045","type":"journal-article","article-title":"E-DNA detection of rpoB gene resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in real samples using Fe3O4\/polypyrrole nanocomposite","volume":"128","author":"Haddaoui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ac0b29","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A PCR-free genome detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in clinical samples using MWCNT\/PPy\/KHApNps modified electrochemical nano-biosensor","volume":"168","author":"Salimiyan Rizi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122099","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Response surface methodology optimized electrochemical DNA biosensor based on HAPNPTs\/PPY\/MWCNTs nanocomposite for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"226","author":"Rizi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"nanoae0b79bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2022.107467","type":"journal-article","article-title":"PCR-free electrochemical genosensor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detection based on two-dimensional Ti3C2 Mxene-polypyrrole signal amplification","volume":"179","author":"Salimiyan Rizi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microchem. J."}],"container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae0b79","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae0b79\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae0b79","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae0b79\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae0b79\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae0b79\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae0b79\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae0b79\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T06:02:28Z","timestamp":1759816948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae0b79"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae0b79","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4484","1361-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4484","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Label-free electrochemical-based biosensor for gene-phosphatidylinositol mannosides detection in urine for the determination of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nanotechnology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2025-07-02","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-09-25","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-10-07","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}