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We designed a dual-function nanoemulsion to combat both issues simultaneously. Perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) nanoemulsions, stabilized by DSPE-PEG\n                    <jats:sub>2000<\/jats:sub>\n                    -biotin, were functionalized with recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-core streptavidin fusion proteins. These ACE2-tethered nanoparticles act as decoys, effectively binding and neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudotyped lentivirus (D614G variant)\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , blocking infection of ACE2-expressing HEK293T cells by up to 99%. Concurrently, the high oxygen solubility of the PFOB core offers significant potential for oxygen delivery. This ACE2-anchored oxygen carrier nanoemulsion represents a promising therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants by inhibiting viral entry and mitigating hypoxia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae5110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T22:47:58Z","timestamp":1773355678000},"page":"115101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ACE2-functionalized perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions block SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant and serve as oxygen carriers"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3899-7595","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ian","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soha","family":"Alkhaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0389-7311","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ching-An","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"nanoae5110bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11030306","type":"journal-article","article-title":"2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): paving the road for rapid detection and point-of-care diagnostics","volume":"11","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"nanoae5110bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-019-1182-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge","volume":"16","author":"Schoeman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virol. 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