{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T07:57:49Z","timestamp":1780905469414,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rapid climatic fluctuations and increasing global resource pressures are driving the need for high\u2010precision, real\u2010time monitoring of agro\u2010environmental systems. Precision agriculture formulates this requirement as a complex measurement problem, where various physical, chemical, and biological parameters have to be detected with high sensitivity and selectivity. Addressing these critical aspects, this review examines quantum sensing and quantum-material-assisted sensing as an emerging framework that utilizes quantum phenomena, such as coherence, confinement, and correlated optical interactions, to enhance signal-to-noise ratio and detection resolution. Particular emphasis is placed on two\u2010dimensional quantum materials, including graphene, transition\u2010metal dichalcogenides, and MXenes, which offer tunable surface states, defect\u2010engineered selectivity, and strong light-matter coupling. When integrated with plasmonic and surface\u2010enhanced Raman scattering architectures, these materials provide highly responsive transduction routes for detecting soil nutrients, water contaminants, gaseous species, and plant metabolites relevant to precision agriculture. It also discusses performance metrics sensitivity, drift stability, energy efficiency, and cost per sensing node alongside challenges of matrix effects, calibration, and long\u2010term durability. Strategies for field translation, including flexible sensor integration, scalable fabrication, and sustainable deployment, are analyzed to outline a roadmap for quantum\u2010enabled sensing in next\u2010generation agricultural and environmental monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae6dca","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:49:14Z","timestamp":1778798954000},"page":"232002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantum sensing for precision agriculture and environmental monitoring: opportunities and challenges"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0253-186X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1953-4606","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kiran","family":"Jeet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Punjab Agricultural University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"nanoae6dcabib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183899","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Precision agriculture and food security","volume":"327","author":"Gebbers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2017.01.023","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Big data in smart farming, a review","volume":"153","author":"Wolfert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2015.08.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Wireless sensor networks for agriculture: the state-of-the-art in practice and future challenges","volume":"118","author":"Ojha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2024.109385","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review on the application of advanced soil and plant sensors in the agriculture sector","volume":"226","author":"Faqir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib5","first-page":"000289","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Glance at quantum innovations in crop pest and disease detection: bridging physics and agriculture","author":"Nagy","year":"2025"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2012.06.021","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review of the methods available for estimating soil moisture and its implications for water resource management","volume":"458\u2013459","author":"Dobriyal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2007.01.044","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Metal oxides for solid-state gas sensors: what determines our choice?","volume":"139","author":"Korotcenkov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2024.108680","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Harnessing quantum computing for smart agriculture: empowering sustainable crop management and yield optimization","volume":"218","author":"Maraveas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2025.110420","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Potential applications of quantum sensors in agriculture: a review","volume":"235","author":"Maraveas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2017.01.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantum sensors for accurate and stable long-term photosynthetically active radiation observations","volume":"237\u2013238","author":"Akitsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.89.035002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantum sensing","volume":"89","author":"Degen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2011.35","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Advances in quantum metrology","volume":"5","author":"Giovannetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Photon."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.23.1693","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantum-mechanical noise in an interferometer","volume":"23","author":"Caves","year":"1981","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R3429","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.52.R3429","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optical imaging by means of two-photon quantum entanglement","volume":"52","author":"Pittman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1364\/AOP.2.000405","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ghost imaging: from quantum to classical to computational","volume":"2","author":"Erkmen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Photon."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app151810179","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantum-enhanced sensing with squeezed light: from fundamentals to applications","volume":"15","author":"Heng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.133156","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Real-time intelligent detection of ethephon based on a high-throughput ratiometric fluorescent probe","volume":"465","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110734","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Satellite-based positioning enhanced by quantum synchronization","volume":"254","author":"Nande","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys1075","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution","volume":"4","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/77\/5\/056503","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond","volume":"77","author":"Rondin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rep. Prog. Phys."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4801756","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Compact cold atom gravimeter for field applications","volume":"102","author":"Bidel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1116\/5.0009093","type":"journal-article","article-title":"High-accuracy inertial measurements with cold-atom sensors","volume":"2","author":"Geiger","year":"2020","journal-title":"AVS Quantum Sci."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2011.03.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review of wireless sensors and networks\u2019 applications in agriculture","volume":"36","author":"Abbasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Stand. Interfaces"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.11.072","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effective biosensor based on graphene quantum dots via enzymatic reaction for direct photoluminescence detection of organophosphate pesticide","volume":"258","author":"Sahub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59064-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Magnetometer with nitrogen-vacancy center in a bulk diamond for detecting magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications","volume":"10","author":"Kuwahata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2067","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The elusive Heisenberg limit in quantum-enhanced metrology","volume":"3","author":"Demkowicz-Dobrza\u0144ski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.150801","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Increasing sensing resolution with error correction","volume":"112","author":"Arrad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8872","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR04295F","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Gate dielectric-induced lattice strain and band gap tuning in van der Waals 2D semiconducting channels","volume":"17","author":"Kaur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102896","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films","volume":"306","author":"Novoselov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104159","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fusion of quantum computing with smart agriculture: a systematic review of methods, implementation, applications, and challenges","volume":"16","author":"Kumar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6016","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TA07653E","type":"journal-article","article-title":"2D material-based sensing devices: an update","volume":"11","author":"Hassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202513767","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Emerging 2D materials and their hybrid nanostructures for label\u2010free optical biosensing: recent progress and outlook","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susmat.2024.e00900","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comprehensive review on two dimensional nanomaterials for optical biosensors: present progress and outlook","volume":"40","author":"Verma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors13110399","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent advances in agricultural sensors: towards precision and sustainable farming","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chemosensors"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbsr.2022.100540","type":"journal-article","article-title":"2D materials towards sensing technology: from fundamentals to applications","volume":"38","author":"Sulleiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Bio-Sens. Res."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-025-00769-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimizing resource allocation in precision farming using quantum enhanced algorithms and quantum sensor networks","volume":"14","author":"AlSagri","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cloud Comput."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2025.2531224","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Innovative applications of quantum dots-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for food safety detection","volume":"66","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutrition"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib38","first-page":"10","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quantum sensors for precision farming and soil health monitoring","volume":"2","author":"Takeda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Quantum"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.109","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The electronic properties of graphene","volume":"81","author":"Castro Neto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1967","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene","volume":"6","author":"Schedin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1021\/nl903868w","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Emerging photoluminescence in monolayer MoS\u2082","volume":"10","author":"Splendiani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.136805","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Atomically thin MoS\u2082: a new direct-gap semiconductor","volume":"105","author":"Mak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4248","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201102306","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Two-dimensional nanocrystals produced by exfoliation of Ti\u2083AlC\u2082","volume":"23","author":"Naguib","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.98","type":"journal-article","article-title":"2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage","volume":"2","author":"Anasori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsr.202200057","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Chemical sensors based on graphene and 2D graphene analogs","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sens. Res."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4111","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.0c00898","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Graphene oxide array for in-depth soil moisture sensing toward optimized irrigation","volume":"2","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2024.115297","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Highly sensitive screen-printed soil moisture sensor array for efficient agriculture","volume":"374","author":"Ullah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2020.04.021","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electrochemical synthesis of graphene quantum dots from graphene oxide at room temperature and its soil moisture sensing properties","volume":"165","author":"Kalita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202001246","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A field-deployable, wearable leaf sensor for continuous monitoring of vapor-pressure deficit","volume":"6","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202302073","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Plant tattoo sensor array for leaf relative water content, surface temperature and bioelectric potential monitoring","volume":"9","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2021.06.009","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Real-time monitoring of plant stresses via chemiresistive profiling of leaf volatiles by a wearable sensor","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eade2232","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade2232","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Abaxial leaf surface-mounted multimodal wearable sensor for continuous monitoring of plant physiology","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0728(77)80224-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface Raman spectroelectrochemistry","volume":"84","author":"Jeanmaire","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5215","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00457a071","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Anomalously intense Raman spectra of pyridine at a silver electrode","volume":"99","author":"Albrecht","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.57.783","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface roughness and the enhanced intensity of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on metals","volume":"57","author":"Moskovits","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anchem.1.031207.112814","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy","volume":"1","author":"Stiles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(12)70017-2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"SERS: materials, applications, and the future","volume":"15","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4563","DOI":"10.1039\/D0SC00809E","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: benefits, trade-offs and future developments","volume":"11","author":"P\u00e9rez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.7b00782","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Subnanomolar sensitivity of filter paper-based SERS sensor for pesticide detection","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b04224","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Present and future of surface-enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"14","author":"Langer","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.78.1667","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Single molecule detection using surface-enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"78","author":"Kneipp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08907","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy","volume":"464","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14038","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9037593","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Graphene as a substrate to suppress fluorescence in resonance Raman spectroscopy","volume":"131","author":"Xie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5634","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5c00028","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Room-temperature bolometric response in nitro-boosted rGO","volume":"41","author":"Saini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2021.19004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Facile synthesis of graphene oxide nanocomposites membranes for effective removal of As (III) from water","volume":"21","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nano. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9281","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205478109","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy on a flat graphene surface","volume":"109","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.05.127","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Screening pesticide residues on fruit peels using portable Raman spectrometer combined with adhesive tape sampling","volume":"295","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c00134","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Two-dimensional printed AgNPs@paper swab for SERS screening of pesticide residues on apples and pears","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.120998","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid nondestructive detection of mixed pesticide residues on fruit surface using SERS combined with self-modeling mixture analysis","volume":"217","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.03.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Recent developments in quantitative SERS: moving towards absolute quantification","volume":"102","author":"Goodacre","year":"2018","journal-title":"TRAC-Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31632","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.031632","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fluorescence suppression in Raman spectroscopy using a time-gated CMOS SPAD","volume":"21","author":"Kostamovaara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.612076","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Indirect quantification of glyphosate by SERS using an incubation process with hemin as the reporter molecule: a contribution to signal amplification mechanism","volume":"8","author":"L\u00f3pez-Casta\u00f1os","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201000918","type":"journal-article","article-title":"First-layer effect in graphene-enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"6","author":"Ling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.1060322","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface-enhanced Raman scattering as a potential strategy for wearable flexible sensing and point-of-care testing non-invasive medical diagnosis","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1021\/acsagscitech.4c00005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy-based chemometrics for pesticide residue detection: current approaches and future challenges","volume":"4","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Agric. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134208","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Integrating transformer-based machine learning with SERS technology for the analysis of hazardous pesticides in spinach","volume":"470","author":"Hajikhani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2024.134647","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for residue-free pesticide detection based on agriculture 4.0 concepts","volume":"700","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202303658","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Surface-enhanced Raman scattering using 2D materials","volume":"30","author":"Sousa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-025-00513-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Portable SERS device for rapid detection of indoxacarb and chlorfenapyr in vegetable juice","volume":"9","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Sci. Food"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28745","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c04059","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fiber optic SERS sensor with silver nanocubes attached based on evanescent wave for detecting pesticide residues","volume":"15","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-023-04620-y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Unraveling surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy results through chemometrics and machine learning: principles, progress, and trends","volume":"415","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10832","DOI":"10.1021\/ac302025q","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Melamine sensing in milk products by using surface-enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"84","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174252","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review on nanomaterial-based SERS substrates for sustainable agriculture","volume":"950","author":"Mahanty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2026.147853","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted polymer-based field-effect transistor for real-time, highly selective and sensitive aflatoxin B1 monitoring in food","volume":"504","author":"Castro","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.9b02039","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Molecular-imprinting-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensors","volume":"5","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29026\/oea.2021.210048","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Flexible SERS substrates for hazardous materials detection: recent advances","volume":"4","author":"Bharati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opto-Electron. Adv."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110431","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A new gold nanosol SERS method for ultratrace atrazine by a difunctional surface molecular imprinted polymethacrylate probe","volume":"205","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.124128","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid determination of thiram on apple using a flexible bacterial cellulose-based SERS substrate","volume":"254","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2020.118104","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Flexible paper-based SERS substrate strategy for rapid detection of methyl parathion on the surface of fruit","volume":"231","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0213692","type":"journal-article","article-title":"2D MoS2 plasmonic nanocavity based SERS platform for bilirubin detection","volume":"30","author":"Maharana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5303.1102","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Probing single molecules and single nanoparticles by surface-enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"275","author":"Nie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14946","DOI":"10.1021\/ar800249y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A unified view of surface-enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"116","author":"Lombardi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2014.06.178","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Ag-decorated sandpaper as a flexible SERS substrate for direct swabbing sampling","volume":"133","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.10.59","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Beilstein. J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"nanoae6dcabib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.3165","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A Bayesian Whittaker\u2013Henderson smoother for general-purpose and sample-based spectral baseline estimation and peak extraction","volume":"43","author":"Lau","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Raman Spectrosc."}],"container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae6dca","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae6dca\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae6dca","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae6dca\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae6dca\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae6dca\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae6dca\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae6dca\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T07:00:49Z","timestamp":1780902049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae6dca"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ae6dca","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4484","1361-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4484","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Quantum sensing for precision agriculture and environmental monitoring: opportunities and challenges","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nanotechnology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-01-29","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-05-14","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-06-08","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}