{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:49:15Z","timestamp":1791535755126,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/questions\/alternative-author-rights-policies\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A portable electrochemical sensor based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes modified with graphene\/PEDOT:PSS [Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate] hybrid ink is developed for the trace-level detection of picric acid in water. The structural and compositional characterization of the LIG is performed using scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, confirming the successful formation of a conductive graphene network. The working electrode is further modified with graphene\/PEDOT:PSS hybrid ink to enhance electrochemical performance. At neutral pH, the sensor exhibited two linear detection ranges of 25\u2013500 nM and 1\u201325\n                    <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    M, with corresponding limits of detection of 50 nM and 3.8\n                    <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n                    M, respectively. Selectivity studies are conducted using common waterborne interfering species, including lead ions, ammonia, hydrazine, nitrate, and hydrogen peroxide, and the results demonstrated high selectivity toward picric acid within the potential window of \u22121.5 V to +0.2 V. The sensor showed good reproducibility across different devices (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 7) with deviations below 5%, and acceptable repeatability with deviations in the range of 6%\u201310%. Real sample analysis is performed using lake water spiked with picric acid, yielding recovery values exceeding 95%. Additionally, numerical optimization and experimental electrochemical impedance spectroscopy validation of the interdigitated electrode geometry are provided.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/aeace7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:47:46Z","timestamp":1790635666000},"page":"415501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Portable laser-induced graphene sensor for trace picric acid detection in water"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9293-1860","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ankit","family":"Patil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus"},{"name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8308-614X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arindam","family":"Kushagra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus"},{"name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BVVSN Prabhakar","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus"},{"name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9023-1587","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Satish Kumar","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus"},{"name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9739-4178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanket","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus"},{"name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"nanoaeace7bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10070795","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A highly-sensitive picric acid chemical sensor based on ZnO nanopeanuts","volume":"10","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"nanoaeace7bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800020-5.00015-6","type":"book","article-title":"Wildlife toxicity assessment for picric acid (2,4,6-Trinitrophenol)","author":"Hebert","year":"2015"},{"key":"nanoaeace7bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1039\/CT9028101217","type":"journal-article","article-title":"CXIII.\u2014The solubility of mannitol, picric acid, and anthracene","volume":"81","author":"Findlay","year":"1902","journal-title":"J. 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All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2026-08-03","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-09-28","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2026-10-09","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}