{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:47:40Z","timestamp":1787312860289,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]],"date-time":"2017-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]],"date-time":"2017-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487289600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016R1D1A1A09916337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016R1D1A1A09916337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003696","name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["15ZC1810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15ZC1810"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003696","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003630","name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1403012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1403012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003630","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    It is not feasible to define very small or complex organs and tissues in the current voxel-type adult reference computational phantoms of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), which limit dose coefficients for weakly penetrating radiations. To address the problem, the ICRP is converting the voxel-type reference phantoms into mesh-type phantoms. In the present study, as a part of the conversion project, the micrometer-thick target and source regions in the alimentary and respiratory tract systems as described in ICRP\n                    <jats:italic>Publications 100<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>66<\/jats:italic>\n                    were included in the mesh-type ICRP reference adult male and female phantoms. In addition, realistic lung airway models were simulated to represent the bronchial (BB) and bronchiolar (bb) regions. The electron specific absorbed fraction (SAF) values for the alimentary and respiratory tract systems were then calculated and compared with the values calculated with the stylized models of ICRP\n                    <jats:italic>Publications 100<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>66<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The comparisons show generally good agreement for the oral cavity, oesophagus, and BB, whereas for the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, extrathoracic region, and bb, there are some differences (e.g. up to ~9 times in the large intestine). The difference is mainly due to anatomical difference in these organs between the realistic mesh-type phantoms and the simplified stylized models. The new alimentary and respiratory tract models in the mesh-type ICRP reference phantoms preserve the topology and dimensions of the voxel-type ICRP phantoms and provide more reliable SAF values than the simplified models adopted in previous ICRP\n                    <jats:italic>Publications<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa5b72","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,23]],"date-time":"2017-01-23T10:45:22Z","timestamp":1485168322000},"page":"2132-2152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Inclusion of thin target and source regions in alimentary and respiratory tract systems of mesh-type ICRP adult reference phantoms"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Han Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanyang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon Soo","family":"Yeom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanyang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thang Tat","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanyang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chansoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanyang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Cheol","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanyang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jai Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanyang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Hyeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanyang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Zankl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Petoussi-Henss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley E","family":"Bolch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choonsik","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Eckerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beom Sun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ajou University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9002(03)01368-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"GEANT4\u2014a simulation toolkit","volume":"506","author":"Agostinelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods A"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1109\/NSSMIC.2008.4774535","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Parallel geometries in Geant4: foundation and recent enhancements","author":"Apostolakis","year":"2008"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4069","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/13\/008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dose conversion coefficients for electron exposure of the human eye lens","volume":"54","author":"Behrens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib003","type":"report","article-title":"EPDL97: the evaluated photon data library, \u201897 version","volume":"6","author":"Cullen","year":"1997"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib004","first-page":"1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. ICRP publication 66","volume":"24","author":"ICRP","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6453(02)00021-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. ICRP publication 89","volume":"32","author":"ICRP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2006.03.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Human alimentary tract model for radiological protection. ICRP publication 100","volume":"36","author":"ICRP","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib007","first-page":"1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication 103","volume":"37","author":"ICRP","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2009.07.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Adult reference computational phantoms. ICRP publication 110","volume":"39","author":"ICRP","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib026","first-page":"2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conversion coefficients for radiological protection quantities for external radiation exposures. ICRP publication 116","volume":"40","author":"ICRP","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/0146645315577539","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Occupational intakes of radionuclides: part 1. ICRP publication 130","volume":"44","author":"ICRP","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0146645316640446","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The ICRP computational framework for internal dose assessment for reference adults: specific absorbed fractions. ICRP publication 133","volume":"45","author":"ICRP","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1177\/0146645315626036","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The reference phantoms: voxel versus polygon","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/10\/016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A polygon-surface reference Korean male phantom (PSRK-Man) and its direct implementation in Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib013","author":"Lazaro","year":"2011","type":"book"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/12\/001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hybrid computational phantoms of the male and female newborn patient: NURBS-based whole-body models","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8695","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/22\/8695","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Incorporation of detailed eye model into polygon-mesh versions of ICRP-110 reference phantoms","volume":"60","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib015","type":"report","article-title":"Tables and graphs of electron-interaction cross-sections from 10\u2009eV to 100 GeV derived from the LLNL evaluated electron data library (EEDL), Z\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20091\u2013100","volume":"31","author":"Perkins","year":"1991"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib016","article-title":"Tables and graphs of atomic subshell and relaxation data derived from the LLNL evaluated atomic data library (EADL), Z\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20091\u2013100","author":"Perkins","year":"1997","type":"report"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/10867651.2000.10487528","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Generating random points in a tetrahedron","volume":"5","author":"Rocchini","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Graph. Tools"},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1145\/2629697","type":"journal-article","article-title":"TetGen, a delaunay-Based quality tetrahedral mesh generator","volume":"41","author":"Si","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Math. Soft."},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1289457","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Generation of an anatomically based three-dimensional model of the conducting airways","volume":"28","author":"Tawhai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6985","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/19\/6985","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conversion of ICRP male reference phantom to polygon-surface phantom","volume":"58","author":"Yeom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7054","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/61\/19\/7054","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development of skeletal system for mesh-type ICRP reference adult phantoms","volume":"61","author":"Yeom","year":"2016a","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/36\/2\/230","type":"journal-article","article-title":"New small-intestine modeling method for surface-based computational human phantoms","volume":"36","author":"Yeom","year":"2016b","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Prot."},{"key":"pmbaa5b72bib024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/12\/3173","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tetrahedral-mesh-based computational human phantom for fast Monte Carlo dose calculations","volume":"59","author":"Yeom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."}],"container-title":["Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa5b72","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/62\/i=6\/a=2132\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/62\/i=6\/a=2132?key=crossref.bee444a104356550c38f6474bfb6446f","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa5b72\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa5b72","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa5b72\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa5b72\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa5b72\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/62\/i=6\/a=2132?key=crossref.bee444a104356550c38f6474bfb6446f","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/62\/i=6\/a=2132\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa5b72\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa5b72\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T13:43:34Z","timestamp":1782567814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa5b72"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa5b72","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9155","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Inclusion of thin target and source regions in alimentary and respiratory tract systems of mesh-type ICRP adult reference phantoms","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2016-11-29","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2017-01-23","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2017-02-17","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}