{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T14:47:10Z","timestamp":1782571630896,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508371200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The goal of this simulation study is the performance evaluation and comparison of six potential designs for a time-of-flight PET scanner for pediatric patients of up to about 12 years of age. It is designed to have a high sensitivity and provide high-contrast and high-resolution images. The simulated pediatric PET is a full ring scanner, consisting of 32\u2009\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u200932\u2009mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    monolithic LYSO:Ce crystals coupled to digital silicon photomultiplier arrays. The six considered designs differ in axial lengths (27.2\u2009cm, 54.4\u2009cm and 102\u2009cm) and crystal thicknesses (22\u2009mm and 11\u2009mm). The simulations are based on measured detector response data. We study two possible detector arrangements: 22 mm-thick crystals with dual-sided readout and 11 mm-thick crystals with back-sided readout. The six designs are simulated by means of the GEANT4 application for tomographic emission software, using the measured spatial, energy and time response of the monolithic scintillator detectors as input. The performance of the six designs is compared on the basis of four studies: (1) spatial resolution; (2) NEMA NU2-2012 sensitivity and scatter fraction (SF) tests; (3) non-prewhitening signal-to-noise ratio observer study; and (4) receiver operating characteristics analysis. Based on the results, two designs are identified as cost-effective solutions for fast and efficient imaging of children: one with 54.4\u2009cm axial field-of-view (FOV) and 22 mm-thick crystals, and another one with 102\u2009cm axial FOV and 11 cm-thick crystals. The first one has a higher center point sensitivity than the second one, but requires dual-sided readout. The second design has the advantage of allowing a whole-body scan in a single bed position acquisition. Both designs have the potential to provide an excellent spatial resolution (\u223c2\u2009mm) and an ultra-high sensitivity (&gt;100 cps\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mstyle displaystyle=\"false\">\n                          <mml:msup>\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">k<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">B<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">q<\/mml:mi>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo>\n                              <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <\/mml:msup>\n                        <\/mml:mstyle>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa8eb2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]],"date-time":"2017-09-25T06:45:10Z","timestamp":1506321910000},"page":"8402-8418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Optimization of an ultralow-dose high-resolution pediatric PET scanner design based on monolithic scintillators with dual-sided digital SiPM readout: a simulation study"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Mikhaylova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT-IBiTech"},{"name":"University of California-Davis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Tabacchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delft University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Borghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delft University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Mollet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"D\u2019Hoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT-IBiTech"},{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-5608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis R","family":"Schaart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delft University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefaan","family":"Vandenberghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT-IBiTech"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbaa8eb2bib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.273984","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"Practical issues and methodology in assessment of image quality using model observers","author":"Abbey","year":"1997"},{"key":"pmbaa8eb2bib002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2009.08.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"ROOT A C\u2009\u2009+\u2009\u2009+ framework for petabyte data storage, statistical analysis and visualization","volume":"180","author":"Antcheva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. 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