{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:16:22Z","timestamp":1790640982032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DE-SC0017057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0017057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01CA188300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA188300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Existing volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) optimization using coplanar arcs is highly efficient but usually dosimetrically inferior to intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with optimized non-coplanar beams. To achieve both dosimetric quality and delivery efficiency, we proposed in this study, a novel integrated optimization method for non-coplanar VMAT (4\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    VMAT). 4\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    VMAT with direct aperture optimization (DAO) was achieved by utilizing a least square dose fidelity objective, along with an anisotropic total variation term for regularizing the fluence smoothness, a single segment term for imposing simple apertures, and a group sparsity term for selecting beam angles. Continuous gantry\/couch angle trajectories were selected using the Dijkstra\u2019s algorithm, where the edge and node costs were determined based on the maximal gantry rotation speed and the estimated fluence map at the current iteration, respectively. The couch\u2013gantry\u2013patient collision space was calculated based on actual machine geometry and a human subject 3D surface. Beams leading to collision are excluded from the DAO and beam trajectory selection (BTS). An alternating optimization strategy was implemented to solve the integrated DAO and BTS problem. The feasibility of 4\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    VMAT using one full-arc or two full-arcs was tested on nine patients with brain, lung, or prostate cancer. The plan was compared against a coplanar VMAT (2\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    VMAT) plan using one additional arc and collimator rotation. Compared to 2\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    VMAT, 4\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    VMAT reduced the average maximum and mean organs-at-risk dose by 9.63% and 3.08% of the prescription dose with the same target coverage. R50 was reduced by 23.0%. Maximum doses to the dose limiting organs, such as the brainstem, the major vessels, and the proximal bronchus, were reduced by 8.1 Gy (64.8%), 16.3 Gy (41.5%), and 19.83 Gy (55.5%), respectively. The novel 4\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    VMAT approach affords efficient delivery of non-coplanar arc trajectories that lead to dosimetric improvements compared with coplanar VMAT using more arcs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aac704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]],"date-time":"2018-05-22T11:30:24Z","timestamp":1526988624000},"page":"125013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A novel optimization framework for VMAT with dynamic gantry couch rotation"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1835-3870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qihui","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria Y","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3400-7684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Neph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7378-1125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbaac704bib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1137\/080716542","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm","volume":"2","author":"Beck","year":"2009","journal-title":"SIAM J. Imaging Sci."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib002","first-page":"1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Mathematical results on scale-free random graphs","author":"Bolloba","year":"2002","journal-title":"Handbook of Graphs and Networks"},{"key":"pmbaac704bib003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000016","type":"book","author":"Boyd","year":"2011"},{"key":"pmbaac704bib004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s10851-010-0251-1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A first-order primal-dual algorithm for convex problems with applications to imaging","volume":"40","author":"Chambolle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Math. Imaging Vis."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.08.001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy in centrally and superiorly located stage I or isolated recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"72","author":"Chang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01386390","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A note on two problems in connexion with graphs","volume":"1","author":"Dijkstra","year":"1959","journal-title":"Numer. Math."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.09.028","type":"journal-article","article-title":"4\u03c0 non-coplanar liver SBRT: a novel delivery technique","volume":"85","author":"Dong","year":"2013a","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.02.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"4\u03c0 noncoplanar stereotactic body radiation therapy for centrally located or larger lung tumors","volume":"86","author":"Dong","year":"2013b","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib009","article-title":"Fast proximal gradient methods 1\u201332","author":"Ee236C","year":"2013","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"pmbaac704bib010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canrad.2011.04.003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"State of the art on dose prescription, reporting and recording in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (ICRU report No. 83)","volume":"15","author":"Gr\u00e9goire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer\/Radiotherapie"},{"key":"pmbaac704bib019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177703732","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Robust estimation of a location parameter","volume":"35","author":"Huber","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Statist."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.11.054","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Long-term outcomes from a prospective trial of stereotactic body radiotherapy for low-risk prostate cancer","volume":"82","author":"King","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2006.09.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic intensity-modulated non-coplanar arc radiotherapy (INCA) for head and neck cancer","volume":"81","author":"Krayenbuehl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4917165","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dynamic trajectory-based couch motion for improvement of radiation therapy trajectories in cranial SRT","volume":"42","author":"Lee MacDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.04.034","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Trajectory modulated arc therapy: a fully dynamic delivery with synchronized couch and gantry motion significantly improves dosimetric indices correlated with poor cosmesis in accelerated partial breast irradiation","volume":"92","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4895822","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A nonvoxel-based dose convolution\/superposition algorithm optimized for scalable GPU architectures","volume":"41","author":"Neylon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4953832","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A comprehensive formulation for volumetric modulated arc therapy planning","volume":"43","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016a","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4940353","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A novel software and conceptual design of the hardware platform for intensity modulated radiation therapy","volume":"43","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016b","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4915286","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dose domain regularization of MLC leaf patterns for highly complex IMRT plans","volume":"42","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-017-0948-z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"HyperArc VMAT planning for single and multiple brain metastases stereotactic radiosurgery: a new treatment planning approach","volume":"13","author":"Ohira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2818738","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Volumetric modulated arc therapy: IMRT in a single gantry arc","volume":"35","author":"Otto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5179","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/13\/5179","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A modular approach to intensity-modulated arc therapy optimization with noncoplanar trajectories","volume":"60","author":"Papp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1561\/2400000003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Proximal algorithms","volume":"1","author":"Parikh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Found. Trends Optim."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3326965","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparison of Elekta VMAT with helical tomotherapy and fixed field IMRT: plan quality, delivery efficiency and accuracy","volume":"37","author":"Rao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.03.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Continuous arc rotation of the couch therapy for the delivery of accelerated partial breast irradiation: a treatment planning analysis","volume":"80","author":"Shaitelman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.02.018","type":"journal-article","article-title":"VMAT plus a few computer-optimized non-coplanar IMRT beams (VMAT+) tested for liver SBRT","volume":"123","author":"Sharfo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4895981","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Noncoplanar beams improve dosimetry quality for extracranial intensity modulated radiotherapy and should be used more extensively","volume":"42","author":"Sheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8163","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/22\/8163","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Trajectory optimization for dynamic couch rotation during volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy","volume":"58","author":"Smyth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-016-0761-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Treatment planning comparison of IMPT, VMAT and 4\u03c0 radiotherapy for prostate cases","volume":"12","author":"Tran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.12.033","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Volumetric intensity-modulated arc therapy versus conventional IMRT in head-and-neck cancer: a comparative planning and dosimetric study","volume":"74","author":"Verbakel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4914863","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Noncoplanar VMAT for nasopharyngeal tumors: plan quality versus treatment time","volume":"42","author":"Wild","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2009.08.011","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) versus serial tomotherapy, step-and-shoot IMRT and 3D-conformal RT for treatment of prostate cancer","volume":"93","author":"Wolff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2015.12.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Viability of Noncoplanar VMAT for liver SBRT compared with coplanar VMAT and beam orientation optimized 4\u03c0 IMRT","volume":"1","author":"Woods","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.10.016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Choreographing couch and collimator in volumetric modulated arc therapy","volume":"80","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/40\/9\/004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intensity-modulated arc therapy with dynamic multileaf collimation: an alternative to tomotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Yu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6457","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4932631","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The development and verification of a highly accurate collision prediction model for automated noncoplanar plan delivery","volume":"42","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.01.048","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A prospective 4\u03c0 radiation therapy clinical study in recurrent high-grade glioma patients","volume":"101","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaac704bib038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6653","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/23\/002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Using total-variation regularization for intensity modulated radiation therapy inverse planning with field-specific numbers of segments","volume":"53","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."}],"container-title":["Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/63\/i=12\/a=125013?key=crossref.a65ed347d98a72030d818a564a6524c9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aac704\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/63\/i=12\/a=125013\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aac704","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aac704","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aac704\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aac704\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aac704\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aac704\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/63\/i=12\/a=125013\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/63\/i=12\/a=125013?key=crossref.a65ed347d98a72030d818a564a6524c9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aac704\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T13:46:50Z","timestamp":1775915210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aac704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aac704","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9155","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"A novel optimization framework for VMAT with dynamic gantry couch rotation","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2017-11-17","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2018-05-22","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2018-06-13","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}