{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T12:53:10Z","timestamp":1775911990763,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002641","name":"Konkuk University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Electrical brain stimulation (EBS) is a promising medical treatment method for brain neurological disorders through the direct or indirect excitation by injecting an electric current. At present, it is difficult to directly measure the distribution of the electric current delivered by electrodes inside tissues. By applying low-frequency (\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    1\u2009kHz) external electrical brain stimulation (EBS), the low-frequency conductivity around the cells is uneven due to asymmetric cellular structures. We propose a method of electrical property imaging using the measured one component magnetic flux density by EBS and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The low-frequency electrical anisotropic conductivity tensor can be decomposed into the ion concentration and the mobility tensor of charge carriers. By analyzing the role of the diffusion tensor, we reconstruct the apparent anisotropic tensor by EBS using the\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    -component of measured magnetic flux density data and the estimated diffusion tensor. Using only the measured\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    -component of magnetic flux density, the orthotropic conductivity tensor can be approximately recovered. The orthotropic conductivity tensor is not exact, but only reflects the extracellular space (ECS) effects. By comparing the components of orthotropic tensor and diffusion tensor, we stably determine a scale factor which primarily reflects the concentration of total ions in the extracellular space (ECS). Animal experiments verify that the proposed method recovers the anisotropic conductivity tensor which can visualize electrical properties during EBS of the brain. A direct reconstruction method for the apparent anisotropic conductivity tensor imaging during EBS was proposed to analyze unknown effects to brain tissue.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf24a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T17:15:20Z","timestamp":1542734120000},"page":"24NT04","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anisotropic conductivity tensor by analyzing diffusion tensor for electrical brain stimulation (EBS)"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Mun Bae","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeon Hyang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyung Joong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oh In","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbaaf24abib001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/519299a","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neuroscience: spotlight on deep-brain stimulation","volume":"519","author":"Benabid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073456","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A slow axon antidromic blockade hypothesis for tremor reduction via deep brain stimulation","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1159\/000086865","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Evolution of neuromodulation","volume":"83","author":"Gildenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stereotactic and Funct. Neurosurgery"},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2016.2598546","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Anisotropic conductivity tensor imaging of in vivo canine brain using DT-MREIT","volume":"36","author":"Jeong","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD010521","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010521.pub2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Alternating current cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) for depression","volume":"7","author":"Kavirajan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Rev."},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/12\/2955","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Anisotropic conductivity tensor imaging in MREIT using directional diffusion rate of water molecules","volume":"59","author":"Kwon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2036440","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Axial anisotropic conductivity imaging based on projected current density in MREIT","volume":"29","author":"Nam","year":"2010a","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/9\/021","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Optimization of multiply acquired magnetic flux density bz using icne-multiecho train in MREIT","volume":"55","author":"Nam","year":"2010b","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/11\/005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Analysis of recoverable current from one component of magnetic flux density in MREIT and MRCDI","volume":"52","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2014.972373","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Electroconvulsive treatment during pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Pompili","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.10.024","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Rapid mood-elevating effects of low field magnetic stimulation in depression","volume":"76","author":"Rohan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1109\/42.97586","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Measurement of nonuniform current density by magnetic resonance","volume":"10","author":"Scott","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4504","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.39.4504","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effective conductivity of anisotropic two-phase composite media","volume":"39","author":"Sen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"pmbaaf24abib014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11697","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.171473898","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Conductivity tensor mapping of the human brain using diffusion tensor MRI","volume":"98","author":"Tuck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."}],"container-title":["Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/63\/i=24\/a=24NT04?key=crossref.6ec67381f763b0351138bb797b5a1249","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf24a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/63\/i=24\/a=24NT04\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf24a","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf24a","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf24a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf24a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf24a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf24a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/63\/i=24\/a=24NT04\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/0031-9155\/63\/i=24\/a=24NT04?key=crossref.6ec67381f763b0351138bb797b5a1249","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf24a\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T12:05:48Z","timestamp":1775909148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf24a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaf24a","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9155","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Anisotropic conductivity tensor by analyzing diffusion tensor for electrical brain stimulation (EBS)","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2018-03-29","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2018-11-20","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2018-12-18","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}