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Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. We experimentally investigated the feasibility of two-dimensional xenon-enhanced dual-energy (XeDE) radiography for imaging of lung function. We optimized image quality under quantum-noise-limited conditions using a chest phantom consisting of a rectangular chamber representing the thoracic volume and PMMA slabs simulating x-ray attenuation by soft tissue. A sealed, air-filled cavity with thin PMMA walls was positioned inside the chamber to simulate a 2 cm thick ventilation defect. The chamber was ventilated with xenon and dual-energy imaging was performed using a diagnostic x-ray tube and a flat-panel detector. The contrast-to-noise ratio of ventilation defects normalized by patient x-ray exposure maximized at a kV-pair of approximately 60\/140-kV and when approximately one third of the total exposure was allocated to the HE image. We used the optimized technique to image a second phantom that contained lung-parenchyma-mimicking PMMA clutter, rib-mimicking aluminum slats and an insert that simulated ventilation defects with thicknesses ranging from 0.5 cm to 2 cm and diameters ranging from 1 cm to 2 cm. From the resulting images we computed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the non-prewhitening model observer with an eye filter and internal noise. For a xenon concentration of 75%, good AUCs (i.e. 0.8\u20130.9) to excellent AUCs (i.e. &gt;0.9) were obtained when the defect diameter is greater than 1.3 cm and defect thickness is 1 cm. When the xenon concentration was reduced to 50%, the AUC was \u223c0.9 for defects 1.2 cm in diameter and \u223c1.5 cm in thickness. Two-dimensional XeDE radiography may therefore enable detection of functional abnormalities associated with early-stage COPD, for which xenon ventilation defects can occupy up to 20% of the lung volume, and should be further developed as a low-cost alternative to MRI-based approaches and a low-dose alternative to CT-based approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca3f8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T17:42:46Z","timestamp":1668706966000},"page":"245014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Experimental feasibility of xenon-enhanced dual-energy radiography for imaging of lung function"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4026-6474","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fateen","family":"Basharat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Metropolitan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Tanguay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Metropolitan University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbaca3f8bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S131847","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Identifying the heterogeneity of COPD by V\/P SPECT: a new tool for improving the diagnosis of parenchymal defects and grading the severity of small airways disease","volume":"12","author":"Bajc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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