{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:46:45Z","timestamp":1783442805143,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"CRUK RadNet City of London Award","award":["C7893\/A28990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C7893\/A28990"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Funding of China","award":["81974462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974462"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["201809150003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201809150003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Develop an anatomical model based on the statistics of the population data and evaluate the model for anatomical robust optimisation in head and neck cancer proton therapy.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Deformable image registration was used to build the probability model (PM) that captured the major deformation from patient population data and quantified the probability of each deformation. A cohort of 20 nasopharynx patients was included in this retrospective study. Each patient had a planning CT and 6 weekly CTs during radiotherapy. We applied the model to 5 test patients. Each test patient used the remaining 19 training patients to build the PM and estimate the likelihood of a certain anatomical deformation to happen. For each test patient, a spot scanning proton plan was created. The PM was evaluated using proton spot location deviation and dose distribution.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Using the proton spot range, the PM can simulate small non-rigid variations in the first treatment week within 0.21 \u00b1 0.13 mm. For overall anatomical uncertainty prediction, the PM can reduce anatomical uncertainty from 4.47 \u00b1 1.23 mm (no model) to 1.49 \u00b1 1.08 mm at week 6. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of dose metric variations caused by actual anatomical deformations in the first week is \u22120.59% \u223c \u22120.31% for low-risk CT\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and 0.84\u20133.04 Gy for parotid\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                    . On the other hand, the 95% CI of dose metric variations simulated by the PM at the first week is \u22120.52 \u223c \u22120.34% for low-risk CTV\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and 0.58 \u223c 2.22 Gy for parotid\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The PM improves the estimation accuracy of anatomical uncertainty compared to the previous models and does not depend on the acquisition of the weekly CTs during the treatment. We also provided a solution to quantify the probability of an anatomical deformation. The potential of the model for anatomical robust optimisation is discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T17:42:45Z","timestamp":1670002965000},"page":"015014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A probability model for anatomical robust optimisation in head and neck cancer proton therapy"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jailan","family":"Alshaikhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saudi Proton Therapy Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University Shenzhen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Royle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"B\u00e4r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"},{"name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbaca877bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.04.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Weekly volume and dosimetric changes during chemoradiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for Head and Neck cancer: a prospective observational study","volume":"76","author":"Bhide","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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Published on behalf of Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2022-07-26","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2022-12-02","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2022-12-23","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}