{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:15:15Z","timestamp":1778778915592,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Academia Sinica","award":["AS-TP-108-ML0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-TP-108-ML0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Demand for large area parallel plate ionization chamber (PPIC) or large area ionization chamber (LAIC) has risen in recent years due to several advantages of the large effective area in monitoring therapeutic radiation beams. PPICs are designed for the measurements of beam profile and dosimetry in radiation therapy quality assurance (QA) procedures.\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Heterogeneous responses over the large sensitive area pose an undeniable concern for the straightforward applications of PPICs in clinical dosimetry. Uniformity calibration for the detector response is thus essential for the accurate performance of each PPIC unit.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    A large area XY strip PPIC, characterized by a large effective area of 345.44 \u00d7 345.44 mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 256 readout channels, was investigated in this study. A new systematic uniformity calibration is developed to improve the lateral response of the PPIC over the measurements for both narrow beams and large square field beams. A 2D response map of the PPIC was obtained by a spot-scanning method using a compact x-ray tube (mini x-ray). The mini x-ray, providing stable radiation (uncertainty &lt;0.1%), was moved with a step size of 20 mm in 2 dimensions across the entire PPIC surface to collect a complete spot scan. Different uniformity calibration methods were introduced for the measurement of the PPIC by adopting the information from the detector 2D response map.\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Deviation of the detector response, before calibration, was observed to reach about 7% for the testing PPIC unit which is much higher than the recommended uniformity response of 1% (IAEA TRS-398). The uniformity response of the PPIC improved significantly to less than 1% across the detector surface after calibration.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The proposed methods enable the practical application of PPIC in routine clinical dosimetry and can be reliably adopted by any radiation facility to perform daily and monthly QA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca9b5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T17:43:50Z","timestamp":1670435030000},"page":"015013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Uniformity calibration for large area XY strip parallel plate ionization chamber"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3579-3966","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"T C","family":"Thien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Central University"},{"name":"Academia Sinica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9687-3129","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M V","family":"Nemallapudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academia Sinica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7006-8794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C W","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Chiayi University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A E","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Central University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598691","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Aapm\u2019s tg-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon and electron beams","volume":"26","author":"Almond","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib2","first-page":"487","type":"book","article-title":"A solution for dosimetry and quality assurance in imrt and hadrontherapy: the pixel ionization chamber","author":"Amerio","year":"2002"},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib3","first-page":"35","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Iaea trs-398-absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy: an international code of practice for dosimetry based on standards of absorbed dose to water","volume":"18","author":"Andreo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. At. Energy Agency"},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2478\/nuka-2019-0010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical advantages of using unflattened 6-mv and 10-mv photon beams generated by the medical accelerator elekta versa hd based on their dosimetric parameters in comparison to conventional beams","volume":"64","author":"Baic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nukleonika"},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S021773231540026X","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Segmented ionization chambers for beam monitoring in hadrontherapy","volume":"30","author":"Braccini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mod. Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib6","article-title":"Applications of XY strip PPIC in proton therapy","author":"Chiang","year":"2019","type":"other"},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1078\/0939-3889-00317","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The dose-area product, a new parameter for the dosimetry of narrow photon beams","volume":"16","author":"Djouguela","year":"2006","journal-title":"Z. Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4227","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13093","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Development, commissioning, and evaluation of a new intensity modulated minibeam proton therapy system","volume":"45","author":"Farr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3259742","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Commissioning of the discrete spot scanning proton beam delivery system at the university of texas md anderson cancer center, proton therapy center, houston","volume":"37","author":"Gillin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1051","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13089","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dose detectors, sensors, and their applications","volume":"45","author":"Giordanengo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac16bb","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comment on \u2018lateral response heterogeneity of bragg peak ionization chambers for narrow-beam photon and proton dosimetry\u2019","volume":"66","author":"Gom\u00e0","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4991","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa7008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Reference dosimetry of proton pencil beams based on dose-area product: a proof of concept","volume":"62","author":"Gom\u00e0","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/4\/002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Simulation of a 6 mv elekta precise linac photon beam using gate\/geant4","volume":"56","author":"Grevillot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12653","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Implementation of dosimetry equipment and phantoms at the medaustron light ion beam therapy facility","volume":"45","author":"Grevillot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9189","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa955e","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Lateral response heterogeneity of bragg peak ionization chambers for narrow-beam photon and proton dosimetry","volume":"62","author":"Kuess","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab9852","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characterization of the ptw-34089 type 147 mm diameter large-area ionization chamber for use in light-ion beams","volume":"65","author":"Kuess","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1142\/9789812773678_0115","type":"book","article-title":"Strip ionization chamber as beam monitor in the proton therapy eye treatment","author":"Marchetto","year":"2006"},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/abf6aa","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dose-area product ratio in external small-beam radiotherapy: beam shape, size and energy dependencies in clinical photon beams","volume":"7","author":"Niemel\u00e4","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express"},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zemedi.2020.06.005","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Beam monitor calibration of a synchrotron-based scanned light-ion beam delivery system","volume":"31","author":"Osorio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Z. Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5835","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4963808","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Beam monitor calibration in scanned light-ion beams","volume":"43","author":"Palmans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Fuxya2020: a low-cost homemade portable edxrf spectrometer for cultural heritage applications","volume":"12","author":"Ruschioni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib22","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Accuracy required and achievable in radiotherapy dosimetry: have modern technology and techniques changed our views ?","volume":"444","author":"Thwaites","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series"},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.05.012","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Potential benefits of scanned intensity-modulated proton therapy versus advanced photon therapy with regard to sparing of the salivary glands in oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"79","author":"van de Water","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol.* Biol.* Phys."},{"key":"pmbaca9b5bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14598","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Single pencil beam benchmark of a module for monte carlo simulation of proton transport in the penelope code","volume":"48","author":"Verbeek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Phys."}],"container-title":["Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca9b5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca9b5\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca9b5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca9b5\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca9b5\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca9b5\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca9b5\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca9b5\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:46:06Z","timestamp":1778777166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca9b5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/aca9b5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9155","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Uniformity calibration for large area XY strip parallel plate ionization chamber","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2022-05-10","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2022-12-07","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2022-12-23","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}