{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:09:33Z","timestamp":1778778573513,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    To investigate biological effectiveness of\n                    <jats:sup>252<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cf brachytherapy source using Monte Carlo-calculated microdosimetric distributions.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>252<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cf source capsule was placed at the center of the spherical water phantom and phase-space data were scored as a function of radial distance in water (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1\u20135 cm) using TOPAS Monte Carlo code. The phase-space data were used to calculate microdosimetric distributions at 1\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    m site size. Using these distributions, Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE), mean quality factor (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mover accent=\"true\">\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>Q<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mo>\u0305<\/mml:mo>\n                        <\/mml:mover>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    ) and Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER) were calculated as a function of\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The overall shapes of the microdosimetric distributions are comparable at all the radial distances in water. However, slight variation in the bin-wise yield is observed with\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    . RBE,\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mover accent=\"true\">\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>Q<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mo>\u0305<\/mml:mo>\n                        <\/mml:mover>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    and OER are insensitive to R over the range 1\u20135 cm. Microdosimetric kinetic model based RBE values are about 2.3 and 2.8 for HSG tumour cells and V79 cells, respectively, whereas biological weighting function-based RBE is about 2.8. ICRP 60 and ICRU 40 recommendation-based\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mover accent=\"true\">\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>Q<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mo>\u0305<\/mml:mo>\n                        <\/mml:mover>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    values are about 14.5 and 16, respectively. Theory of dual radiation action based RBE is 11.4. The calculated value of OER is 1.6.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    This study demonstrates the relative insensitivity of RBE,\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mover accent=\"true\">\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>Q<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mo>\u0305<\/mml:mo>\n                        <\/mml:mover>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    and OER radially away from the\n                    <jats:sup>252<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cf source along the distances of 1\u20135 cm in water.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad00a4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T18:48:53Z","timestamp":1696531733000},"page":"225005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microdosimetry-based investigation of biological effectiveness of\n                    <sup>252<\/sup>\n                    Cf brachytherapy source: TOPAS Monte Carlo study"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Arghya","family":"Chattaraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085,"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T Palani","family":"Selvam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085,"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbad00a4bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4487(97)00116-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Intercomparative studies of brachytherapy techniques combined with 252CF Boron neutron capture therapy","volume":"28","author":"Abd El-Hafez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiat. Meas."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9002(03)01368-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"GEANT4\u2014a simulation toolkit","volume":"506","author":"Agostinelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2006.869826","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Geant4 developments and applications","volume":"53","author":"Allison","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/18\/6\/001","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Status of dosimetry for 252Cf medical neutron sources","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2964(74)90175-3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Characteristics of 252Cf neutron sources used for radiotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anucene.2014.11.007","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Overview of the FLUKA code","volume":"82","author":"Battistoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Nucl. Energy"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib7","type":"software","article-title":"ESTAR, PSTAR, ASTAR. A PC package for calculating stopping powers and ranges of electrons, protons and helium ions. Version 2","author":"Berger","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berger M 1993 ESTAR, PSTAR, ASTAR. A PC package for calculating stopping powers and ranges of electrons, protons and helium ions. Version 2 Int. At. Energy Agency"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2964(71)90009-0","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Hypoxic protection against fast neutrons of different energies-a review","volume":"7","author":"Berry","year":"1971","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nds.2014.07.049","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The FLUKA code: developments and challenges for high energy and medical applications","volume":"120","author":"B\u00f6hlen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucl. Data Sheets"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib10","first-page":"2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"MCNP version 5","volume":"87","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3409.1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Measured microdosimetric spectra and therapeutic potential of boron neutron capture enhancement of 252Cf brachytherapy","volume":"164","author":"Burmeister","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib12","author":"Burrows","year":"2006","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nds.2011.11.002","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Special Issue on ENDF\/B-VII. 1 Library ENDF\/B-VII. 1 nuclear data for science and technology: cross sections, covariances, fission product yields and decay data","volume":"112","author":"Chadwick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucl. Data Sheets"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncab174","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Tissue-equivalence of H2 gas for microdosimetry in neutron fields: a geant4 Monte Carlo study","volume":"197","author":"Chattaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncy261","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Investigation of applicability of pure propane gas for microdosimetry at neutron fields: a Monte Carlo study","volume":"185","author":"Chattaraj","year":"2019a","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncz148","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Monte Carlo-based investigation of microdosimetric distribution of high energy brachytherapy sources","volume":"187","author":"Chattaraj","year":"2019b","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/17\/12\/P12014","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microdosimetry-based quality factors for ISO reference photon and beta sources: TOPAS Monte Carlo study","volume":"17","author":"Chattaraj","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Instrum."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/17\/3\/302","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dose distributions around a californium-252 Needle","volume":"17","author":"Colvett","year":"1972","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598038","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microdosimetry spectra of the Loma Linda proton beam and relative biological effectiveness comparisons","volume":"24","author":"Coutrakon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1148\/107.2.429","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Oxygen enhancement rations in He-La cells irradiated with 252Cf and radium sources","volume":"107","author":"Djordijevic","year":"1973","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1148\/104.2.409","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The oxygen enhancement ratio as measured with HeLa cells and protracted irradiation from 252Cf and 137Cs","volume":"104","author":"Drew","year":"1972","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrras.2018.08.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Monte Carlo modelling of a neutron-induced gamma-ray sensor for landmine or explosive detection","volume":"11","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2964(74)80022-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biological effects of Cf neutrons","volume":"10","author":"Fairchald","year":"1979","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib24","first-page":"381","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dose-rate effects for various dose rates of Cf-252 radiation on Hela cells culture","volume":"96","author":"Fairchald","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib25","author":"Far West Technology lnc.","year":"2022","type":"web-resource"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib26","first-page":"955","type":"conference-proceedings","article-title":"FLUKA: status and prospective for hadronic applications, invited talk in the","author":"Fasso","year":"2001"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/09553008214550031","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biological effects of Cf-252 neutrons at low dose rates","volume":"41","author":"Feola","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol. Related Studies Phys. Chem. Med."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib28","author":"Ferrari","year":"2021","type":"other"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197407)34:1<48::AID-CNCR2820340108>3.0.CO;2-Y","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The RBE of neutrons in vivo","volume":"34","author":"Fu","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2012.09.008","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Effect of tissue inhomogeneities on dose distributions from Cf-252 brachytherapy source","volume":"71","author":"Ghassoun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2009.10.004","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Detailed dose distribution prediction of Cf-252 brachytherapy source with boron loading dose enhancement","volume":"68","author":"Ghassoun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.154.2.528","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microdosimetry","volume":"154","author":"Griffiths","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1148\/110.3.699","type":"journal-article","article-title":"RBE and OER determinations for radium and californium 252","volume":"110","author":"Hall","year":"1974","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3010","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A microdosimetric-kinetic model for the effect of non-poisson distribution of lethal lesions on the variation of RBE with LET","volume":"160","author":"Hawkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2021.109639","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dosimetric effects of composition, location and size of tissue heterogeneities on 252Cf neutron brachytherapy","volume":"171","author":"Karimi-Shahri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1667\/RR0536.1","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microdosimetric measurements and estimation of human cell survival for heavy-ion beams","volume":"166","author":"Kase","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/1\/003","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biophysical calculation of cell survival probabilities using amorphous track structure models for heavy-ion irradiation","volume":"53","author":"Kase","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys.\u00a0Med.\u00a0Biol."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib38","first-page":"85","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The theory of dual radiation action","author":"Kellerer","year":"1974","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Radiat. Res. Quarterly\u00a0"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-198808000-00016","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Quality factors","volume":"55","author":"Kerr","year":"1988","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5766-7_2","type":"book","article-title":"Californium-252 production and neutron source fabrication","volume":"29","author":"Knauer","year":"1997"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3109\/02841869409098424","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Positron emission tomography: a new tool for characterization of malignant disease and selection of therapy","volume":"33","author":"Koh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/17\/1\/006","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Calculated depth dose tables for californium-252 sources in tissue","volume":"17","author":"Krishnaswamy","year":"1972","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2021.109654","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Microdosimetric investigation of the radiation quality of low-medium energy electrons using Geant4-DNA","volume":"172","author":"Kyriakou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib44","first-page":"48","type":"report","article-title":"Reports of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements","author":"Landberg","year":"1999"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.08.039","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Californium-252 brachytherapy combined with external-beam radiotherapy for cervical cancer: long-term treatment results","volume":"81","author":"Lei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol.* Biol.* Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib46","article-title":"Cf-252 neutron brachytherapy: an advance for bulky localized cancer therapy","author":"Maruyama","year":"1984","type":"other"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(86)90034-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Cf-252 neutron brachytherapy of short duration for bulky neck tumors","volume":"12","author":"Maruyama","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol.* Biol.* Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(83)90396-6","type":"journal-article","article-title":"RBE of spleen CFU-S to low dose rate Cf-252 or photon radiation in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Maruyama","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol.* Biol.* Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib49","first-page":"1751","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A tumor\/normal tissue advantage for low dose rate neutron brachytherapy","volume":"9","author":"Maruyama","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol.* Biol.* Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910915)68:6<1189::AID-CNCR2820680602>3.0.CO;2-F","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A review of californium-252 neutron brachytherapy for cervical cancer","volume":"68","author":"Maruyama","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-708X(71)90058-5","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neutron dose distributions for californium-252 sources","volume":"22","author":"Nagarajan","year":"1971","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.01.094","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Using the proton energy spectrum and microdosimetry to model proton relative biological effectiveness","volume":"104","author":"Newpower","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.10073","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Relation between lineal energy distribution and relative biological effectiveness for photon beams according to the microdosimetric kinetic model","volume":"52","author":"Okamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00540-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Calculation of relative biological effectiveness for proton beams using biological weighting functions","volume":"37","author":"Paganetti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol.* Biol.* Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6818","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4758060","type":"journal-article","article-title":"TOPAS: an innovative proton Monte Carlo platform for research and clinical applications","volume":"39","author":"Perl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(76)90130-9","type":"journal-article","article-title":"252Cf neutron sources for interstitial afterloading","volume":"1","author":"Permar","year":"1976","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/31.1-4.437","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Biological weighting function for RBE specification of neutron therapy beams. Intercomparison of 9 European centres","volume":"31","author":"Pihet","year":"1990","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib58","first-page":"2","type":"journal-article","article-title":"ICRP publication 103","volume":"37","author":"Protection","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40880-017-0191-x","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Californium-252 neutron brachytherapy combined with external pelvic radiotherapy plus concurrent chemotherapy for cervical cancer: a retrospective clinical study","volume":"36","author":"Qian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40658-020-00341-8","type":"journal-article","article-title":"A simulation study on using 252Cf for the treatment of esophagus tumor in human phantom","volume":"7","author":"Rasouli","year":"2020","journal-title":"EJNMMI Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1326445","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neutron dosimetry for a general brachytherapy source","volume":"27","author":"Rivard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598472","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical brachytherapy with neutron emitting sources and adherence to AAPM TG-43 dosimetry protocol","volume":"26","author":"Rivard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197407)34:1<39::AID-CNCR2820340107>3.0.CO;2-Z","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Response of mouse intestine to neutrons and gamma rays in relation to dose fractionation and division cycle","volume":"34","author":"Rodney Withers","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/nch106","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Dosimetric considerations on TEPC FLUKA-simulation and measurements","volume":"110","author":"Rollet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01323118","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The role of microdosimetry in radiobiology","volume":"17","author":"Rossi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Radiat. Environ. Biophys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12702","type":"journal-article","article-title":"RECORDS: improved reporting of montE CarlO RaDiation transport studies: report of the AAPM Research Committee Task Group 268","volume":"45","author":"Sechopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib67","first-page":"61","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Neutron therapy\u2014a novel approach to radiotherapeutics: a review","volume":"1","author":"Srivastava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Contemp. Med. Res."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa6429","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Comparing stochastic proton interactions simulated using TOPAS-nBio to experimental data from fluorescent nuclear track detectors","volume":"62","author":"Underwood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib69","author":"Vlachoudis","year":"2009","type":"conference-proceedings"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/nch165","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Compound dual radiation action theory for 252Cf brachytherapy","volume":"110","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597324","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Measurement of augmentation of 252Cf implant by 10B and 157Gd neutron capture","volume":"21","author":"Wierzbicki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib72","volume":"vol 29","author":"Wierzbicki","year":"2012","type":"book"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5766-7_3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Physics and dosimetry of clinical 252Cf sources","author":"Wierzbicki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Californium-252 Isotope for 21st Century Radiotherapy"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib74","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Californium-252 neutron intracavity brachytherapy alone for T1N0 low-lying rectal adenocarcinoma: a definitive anal sphincter-preserving radiotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/396","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Calculation of dose distribution around a clinical 252Cf source for neutron therapy based on AAPM, TG-43 protocol","volume":"6","author":"Yadollahpour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacol. J."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib76","author":"Zaider","year":"1996","type":"book"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/nct221","type":"journal-article","article-title":"TEPC performance for a reference standard","volume":"158","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. Dosim."},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2016(01)03","type":"journal-article","article-title":"Clinical assessment of 252 Californium neutron intracavitary brachytherapy using a two-channel Y applicator combined with external beam radiotherapy for endometrial cancer","volume":"71","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"pmbad00a4bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab23a3","type":"journal-article","article-title":"The microdosimetric extension in TOPAS: development and comparison with published data","volume":"64","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."}],"container-title":["Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad00a4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad00a4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad00a4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad00a4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad00a4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad00a4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad00a4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad00a4\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:22:07Z","timestamp":1778775727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad00a4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad00a4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9155","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Microdosimetry-based investigation of biological effectiveness of\n                      252\n                      Cf brachytherapy source: TOPAS Monte Carlo study","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published on behalf of Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2023-04-06","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-10-05","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-11-06","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}