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Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic> Numerical simulations are largely adopted to estimate dosimetric quantities, e.g. specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature increase, in tissues to assess the patient exposure to the radiofrequency (RF) field generated during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Simulations rely on reference anatomical human models and tabulated data of electromagnetic and thermal properties of biological tissues. However, concerns may arise about the applicability of the computed results to any phenotype, introducing a significant degree of freedom in the simulation input data. In addition, simulation input data can be affected by uncertainty in relative positioning of the anatomical model with respect to the RF coil. The objective of this work is the to estimate the variability of SAR and temperature increase at 3 T head MRI due to different sources of variability in input data, with the final aim to associate a global uncertainty to the dosimetric outcomes. <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic> A stochastic approach based on arbitrary Polynomial Chaos Expansion is used to evaluate the effects of several input variability\u2019s (anatomy, tissue properties, body position) on dosimetric outputs, referring to head imaging with a 3 T MRI scanner. <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic> It is found that head anatomy is the prevailing source of variability for the considered dosimetric quantities, rather than the variability due to tissue properties and head positioning. From knowledge of the variability of the dosimetric quantities, an uncertainty can be attributed to the results obtained using a generic anatomical head model when SAR and temperature increase values are compared with safety exposure limits. <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic> This work associates a global uncertainty to SAR and temperature increase predictions, to be considered when comparing the numerically evaluated dosimetric quantities with reference exposure limits. The adopted methodology can be extended to other exposure scenarios for MRI safety purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad5070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T22:41:31Z","timestamp":1716590491000},"page":"125005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Polynomial chaos expansion of SAR and temperature increase variability in 3 T MRI due to stochastic input data"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5437-4396","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oriano","family":"Bottauscio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6415-9967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Umberto","family":"Zanovello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4829-5130","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Arduino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2382-4710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luca","family":"Zilberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbad5070bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1118\/1.594434","article-title":"Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of neuroblastoma tumor cells","volume":"5","author":"Ahuja","year":"1978","journal-title":"Med. 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