{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:50:50Z","timestamp":1791946250750,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["955956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    A four-dimensional robust optimisation (4DRO) is usually employed when the tumour respiratory motion needs to be addressed. However, it is computationally demanding, and an automated method is preferable for adaptive planning to avoid manual trial-and-error. This study proposes a 4DRO technique based on dose mimicking for automated adaptive planning.\n                    <jats:italic>Approach.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Initial plans for 4DRO intensity modulated proton therapy were created on an average CT for four patients with clinical target volume (CTV) in the lung, oesophagus, or pancreas, respectively. These plans were robustly optimised using three phases of four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and accounting for setup and density uncertainties. Weekly 4DCTs were used for adaptive replanning, using a constant relative biological effectiveness (cRBE) of 1.1. Two methods were used: (1) template-based adaptive (TA) planning and (2) dose-mimicking-based adaptive (MA) planning. The plans were evaluated using variable RBE (vRBE) weighted doses and biologically consistent dose accumulation (BCDA).\n                    <jats:italic>Main results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    MA and TA plans had comparable CTV coverage except for one patient where the MA plan had a higher D98 and lower D2 but with an increased D2 in few organs at risk (OARs). CTV D98 deviations in non-adaptive plans from the initial plans were up to \u22127.2 percentage points (p.p.) in individual cases and \u22121.8 p.p. when using BCDA. For the OARs, MA plans showed a reduced mean dose and D2 compared to the TA plans, with few exceptions. The vRBE-weighted accumulated doses had a mean dose and D2 difference of up to 0.3 Gy and 0.5 Gy, respectively, in the OARs with respect to cRBE-weighted doses.\n                    <jats:italic>Significance.<\/jats:italic>\n                    MA plans indicate better performance in target coverage and OAR dose sparing compared to the TA plans in 4DRO adaptive planning. Moreover, MA method is capable of handling both forms of anatomical variation, namely, changes in density and relative shifts in the position of OARs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad75e0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T18:57:56Z","timestamp":1725044276000},"page":"185010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Adaptive intensity modulated proton therapy using 4D robust planning: a proof-of-concept for the application of dose mimicking approach"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8441-3595","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suryakant","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8178-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"St\u00fctzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0644-5022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"\u00d6d\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albin","family":"Fredriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7101-240X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iuliana","family":"Toma-Dasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbad75e0bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20190594","article-title":"Online daily adaptive proton therapy","volume":"93","author":"Albertini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aaba8c","article-title":"Feasibility of online IMPT adaptation using fast, automatic and robust dose restoration","volume":"63","author":"Bernatowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.03.017","article-title":"Practice patterns of image guided particle therapy in Europe: a 2016 survey of the European Particle Therapy Network (EPTN)","volume":"128","author":"Bolsi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/accb38","article-title":"Dose mimicking based strategies for online adaptive proton therapy of head and neck cancer","volume":"68","author":"Borderias-Villarroel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/13\/302","article-title":"Effects of intra-fraction motion on IMRT dose delivery: statistical analysis and simulation","volume":"47","author":"Bortfeld","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.02.036","article-title":"The biologic relevance of daily dose variations in adaptive treatment planning","volume":"65","author":"Bortfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.05.014","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for implementing pencil-beam scanning proton therapy for thoracic malignancies on behalf of the PTCOG thoracic and lymphoma subcommittee","volume":"99","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00321","article-title":"Radiobiological optimization in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy: are we ready to apply radiobiological models?","volume":"7","author":"D\u2019Andrea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.07.2358","article-title":"What is the clinically relevant relative biologic effectiveness? A warning for fractionated treatments with high linear energy transfer radiation","volume":"70","author":"Dasu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.06.003","article-title":"European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC) recommendations for planning and delivery of high-dose, high precision radiotherapy for lung cancer","volume":"124","author":"De Ruysscher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15591","article-title":"Synthetic 4DCT (MRI) lung phantom generation for 4D radiotherapy and image guidance investigations","volume":"49","author":"Duetschler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15622","article-title":"Robust automated radiation therapy treatment planning using scenario-specific dose prediction and robust dose mimicking","volume":"49","author":"Eriksson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3556559","article-title":"Minimax optimization for handling range and setup uncertainties in proton therapy","volume":"38","author":"Fredriksson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5572","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17178","article-title":"The partial adaptation strategy for online-adaptive proton therapy: a proof of concept study in head and neck cancer patients","volume":"51","author":"Gambetta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad3329","article-title":"Benchmarking proton RBE models","volume":"69","author":"Gardner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2023.103144","article-title":"An approach to generate synthetic 4DCT datasets to benchmark Mid-Position implementations","volume":"114","author":"Ghareeb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Med."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-017-0771-6","article-title":"Intentional avoidance of the esophagus using intensity modulated radiation therapy to reduce dysphagia after palliative thoracic radiation","volume":"12","author":"Granton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.015","article-title":"Clinical use and future requirements of relative biological effectiveness: survey among all European proton therapy centres","volume":"172","author":"Heuchel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2023.10.009","article-title":"Treatment planning of scanned proton beams in RayStation","volume":"49","author":"Janson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Dosim."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2349696","article-title":"The management of respiratory motion in radiation oncology report of AAPM Task Group 76 a","volume":"33","author":"Keall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.02.018","article-title":"Clinical necessity of multi-image based (4DMIB) optimization for targets affected by respiratory motion and treated with scanned particle therapy\u2014a comprehensive review","volume":"169","author":"Knopf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14112789","article-title":"Proton therapy in the management of pancreatic cancer","volume":"14","author":"Kobeissi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.01.017","article-title":"Robust optimization in intensity-modulated proton therapy to account for anatomy changes in lung cancer patients","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2015a","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15470","article-title":"AAPM Task Group Report 290: respiratory motion management for particle therapy","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4840","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4923171","article-title":"Selective robust optimization: a new intensity-modulated proton therapy optimization strategy","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2015b","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3679340","article-title":"Robust optimization of intensity modulated proton therapy","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8399","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/21\/8399","article-title":"A phenomenological relative biological effectiveness (RBE) model for proton therapy based on all published in vitro cell survival data","volume":"60","author":"McNamara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13371","article-title":"Log file-based dose reconstruction and accumulation for 4D adaptive pencil beam scanned proton therapy in a clinical treatment planning system: implementation and proof-of-concept","volume":"46","author":"Meijers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16149","article-title":"Deformed dose restoration to account for tumor deformation and position changes for adaptive proton therapy","volume":"50","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01789-3","article-title":"Biologically consistent dose accumulation using daily patient imaging","volume":"16","author":"Niebuhr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1290825","article-title":"Incorporation of relative biological effectiveness uncertainties into proton plan robustness evaluation","volume":"56","author":"\u00d6d\u00e9n","year":"2017a","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1348625","article-title":"The influence of breathing motion and a variable relative biological effectiveness in proton therapy of left-sided breast cancer","volume":"56","author":"\u00d6d\u00e9n","year":"2017b","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R99","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/11\/R99","article-title":"Range uncertainties in proton therapy and the role of Monte Carlo simulations","volume":"57","author":"Paganetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R419","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/22\/R419","article-title":"Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values for proton beam therapy. Variations as a function of biological endpoint, dose and linear energy transfer","volume":"59","author":"Paganetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2017.1371325","article-title":"Relating the proton relative biological effectiveness to tumor control and normal tissue complication probabilities assuming interpatient variability in \u03b1\/\u03b2","volume":"56","author":"Paganetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2018.02.010","article-title":"Relative biological effectiveness uncertainties and implications for beam arrangements and dose constraints in proton therapy","volume":"28","author":"Paganetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/6\/013","article-title":"Worst case optimization: a method to account for uncertainties in the optimization of intensity modulated proton therapy","volume":"53","author":"Pflugfelder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.08.016","article-title":"Does the uncertainty in relative biological effectiveness affect patient treatment in proton therapy?","volume":"163","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2023.100465","article-title":"Comparison of 3D and 4D robustly optimized proton treatment plans for non-small cell lung cancer patients with tumour motion amplitudes larger than 5 mm","volume":"27","author":"Spautz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Imaging Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15625","article-title":"Experimental validation of 4D log file-based proton dose reconstruction for interplay assessment considering amplitude-sorted 4DCTs","volume":"49","author":"Spautz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6824","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15930","article-title":"Deep learning\u2013based 4D-synthetic CTs from sparse-view CBCTs for dose calculations in adaptive proton therapy","volume":"49","author":"Thummerer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.08.014","article-title":"A systematic review of clinical studies on variable proton Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)","volume":"175","author":"Underwood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1040-z","article-title":"The alfa and beta of tumours: a review of parameters of the linear-quadratic model, derived from clinical radiotherapy studies","volume":"13","author":"Van Leeuwen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2020.06.004","article-title":"Online adaptive dose restoration in intensity modulated proton therapy of lung cancer to account for inter-fractional density changes","volume":"15","author":"Villarroel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Imaging Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2012.705892","article-title":"A model for the relative biological effectiveness of protons: the tissue specific parameter \u03b1\/\u03b2 of photons is a predictor for the sensitivity to LET changes","volume":"52","author":"Wedenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"pmbad75e0bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5333","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/49\/23\/010","article-title":"The impact of inter-fraction dose variations on biological equivalent dose (BED): the concept of equivalent constant dose","volume":"49","author":"Zavgorodni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."}],"container-title":["Physics in Medicine &amp; Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad75e0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad75e0\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad75e0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad75e0\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad75e0\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad75e0\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad75e0\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad75e0\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T06:26:28Z","timestamp":1726208788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad75e0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad75e0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9155","type":"print"},{"value":"1361-6560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Adaptive intensity modulated proton therapy using 4D robust planning: a proof-of-concept for the application of dose mimicking approach","name":"article_title","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","name":"journal_title","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"paper","name":"article_type","label":"Article Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published on behalf of Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine by IOP Publishing Ltd","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2024-05-24","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-08-30","name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2024-09-13","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}