{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:50:32Z","timestamp":1788778232710,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Dutch Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["17921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016036","name":"Top Sector Life Sciences & Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["17921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016036","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004622","name":"Dutch Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["17921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004622","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Med. Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Purpose.<\/jats:italic> Patient-tailored intracavitary\/interstitial (IC\/IS) brachytherapy (BT) applicators may increase dose conformity in cervical cancer patients. Current configuration planning methods in these custom applicators rely on manual specification or a small set of (straight) needles. This work introduces and validates a two-stage approach for establishing channel configurations in the 3D printed patient-tailored ARCHITECT applicator. <jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> For each patient, the patient-tailored applicator shape was based on the first BT application with a commercial applicator and integrated connectors to a commercial (Geneva) intrauterine tube and two lunar ring channels. First, a large candidate set was generated of channels that steer the needle to desired poses in the target region and are contained in the applicator. The channels\u2019 centrelines were represented by B\u00e9zier curves. Channels running between straight target segments and entry points were optimised and refined to ensure (dynamic) feasibility. Second, channel configurations were selected using geometric coverage optimisation. This workflow was applied to establish patient-tailored geometries for twenty-two patients previously treated using the Venezia applicator. Treatment plans were automatically generated using the in-house developed algorithm BiCycle. Plans for the clinically used configuration, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math\/>\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:msub>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mtext>P<\/mml:mtext>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mrow>\n                                       <mml:mtext>clin<\/mml:mtext>\n                                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <\/mml:msub>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                     <\/mml:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, and patient-tailored configuration, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math\/>\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:msub>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mtext>P<\/mml:mtext>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mrow>\n                                       <mml:mtext>arch<\/mml:mtext>\n                                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <\/mml:msub>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                     <\/mml:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, were compared. <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic> Channel configurations could be generated in clinically feasible time (median: 2651 s, range 1826\u20133812 s). All <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math\/>\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:msub>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mtext>P<\/mml:mtext>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mrow>\n                                       <mml:mtext>arch<\/mml:mtext>\n                                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <\/mml:msub>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                     <\/mml:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math\/>\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:msub>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mtext>P<\/mml:mtext>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mrow>\n                                       <mml:mtext>clin<\/mml:mtext>\n                                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <\/mml:msub>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                     <\/mml:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> plans were acceptable, but planning aims were more frequently attained with patient-tailored configurations (115\/132 versus 100\/132 instances). Median CTV<jats:sub>IR<\/jats:sub>\n                  <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math\/>\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:msub>\n                                 <mml:mi>D<\/mml:mi>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mn>98<\/mml:mn>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <\/mml:msub>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                     <\/mml:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> and bladder <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math\/>\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:msub>\n                                 <mml:mi>D<\/mml:mi>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                                    <mml:mrow>\n                                       <mml:mtext>c<\/mml:mtext>\n                                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mrow>\n                                       <mml:msup>\n                                          <mml:mrow>\n                                             <mml:mtext>m<\/mml:mtext>\n                                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                                          <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                                       <\/mml:msup>\n                                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <\/mml:msub>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                     <\/mml:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> doses significantly improved (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math\/>\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                           <mml:mstyle scriptlevel=\"0\"\/>\n                           <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                     <\/mml:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> 0.001 and <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math\/>\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                           <mml:mstyle scriptlevel=\"0\"\/>\n                           <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                     <\/mml:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> 0.01 respectively) in <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math\/>\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:msub>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mtext>P<\/mml:mtext>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mrow>\n                                       <mml:mtext>arch<\/mml:mtext>\n                                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <\/mml:msub>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                     <\/mml:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> plans in comparison with <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <jats:tex-math\/>\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                           <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:msub>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mtext>P<\/mml:mtext>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mrow>\n                                       <mml:mtext>clin<\/mml:mtext>\n                                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                                 <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <\/mml:msub>\n                           <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                     <\/mml:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> plans, and in approximately half of the patients dosimetric indices improved. <jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic> Automated patient-tailored BT channel configuration planning for 3D printed applicators is clinically feasible. A treatment planning study showed that all plans met planning limits for the patient-tailored configurations, and in selected cases improved the plan quality in comparison with commercial applicator configurations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad8b08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T22:55:30Z","timestamp":1729810530000},"page":"235007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Automated planning of curved needle channels in 3D printed patient-tailored applicators for cervical cancer brachytherapy"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0396-8880","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robin","family":"Straathof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1189-2089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharline M","family":"van Vliet-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8452-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inger-Karine K","family":"Kolkman-Deurloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6125-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda S G L","family":"Wauben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8011-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remi A","family":"Nout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1647-0528","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ben J M","family":"Heijmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3705-2504","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Linda","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3951-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny","family":"Dankelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6291-990X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nick J","family":"van de Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"266","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"pmbad8b08bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4908000","article-title":"Automatic learning-based beam angle selection for thoracic IMRT","volume":"42","author":"Amit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. 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